Molar Root Canal Anatomy
Fig. 1.1 Classification of multiple canals in one root by Weine et al. [6]. The original classification of four types was later expanded to the five configurations shown A more…
Considerations for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Molars
Fig. 7.1 Selection of clinical cases of molar endodontics with (a) a right mandibular first molar (46 FDI, #30 Universal) with inadequate root canal treatment, periapical lesions on both roots…
Vital Pulp Therapy for Permanent Molars
Fig. 4.1 The radiographic presentations are shown of a deep caries lesion versus an extremely deep lesion. (a) The deep lesion involves the pulpal quarter with a radiodense zone separating…
Molar Access
Fig. 5.1 Access cavity in maxillary first molar. (a) Conservative access, allowing straight-line access to main canals. Note cavity extension mesial for MB2 canal. (b) Access cavity and canal orifices…
The Outcome of Endodontic Treatment
Evaluation Signs of favorable outcome Checklist Subjective symptoms Asymptomatic, comfortable, and functional √ Restoration Good-quality restoration with no signs of caries √ Pulp sensitivity Normal positive response to thermal or…
Local Anesthesia
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Ove A. Peters (ed.)The Guidebook to Molar Endodontics10.1007/978-3-662-52901-0_3 3. Local Anesthesia John M. Nusstein1 (1) Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, 305 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210,…
Comprehensive Head and Neck Exam
Fig. 1.1 Forehead and hairline (Photos courtesy of Anna Christine Napoli and Dr. Karin Schey) Standing in front of the patient, visually inspect the face. Look for symmetry; color, pigmentation,…
Common Lesions in Oral Pathology for the General Dentist
White Red Ulcers Raised soft tissue (bumps) Pigmented 1. Leukoplakia 1. Geographic tongue 1. Squamous carcinoma 1. Pyogenic granuloma 1. Varicosity 2. Lichen planus 2. Desquamative gingivitis 2. Aphthous stomatitis…
Dental Radiology
Examination Effective dose (μSν) Equivalent background exposure (days) Intraoral Rectangular collimation Posterior bitewings: PSP or F- speed film 5 0.6 Full-mouth: PSP or F-speed film 35 4 Full-mouth:…
Orthodontics
Fig. 17.1 Example of Class I, II, and III profiles The clinical exam consists of an extraoral and intraoral evaluation. The extraoral evaluation includes an assessment of the patient’s temporomandibular…
