39 A History of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Surgery Peter Randall, Oksana A. Jackson KEY POINTS ○ The oldest representations of cleft lip come from 3000-year-old mummy grave pottery…

71 Treatment Planning for Cleft Orthognathic Surgery Alvaro A. Figueroa, Alexander L. Figueroa, John W. Polley KEY POINTS ○ Maxillomandibular discrepancies in patients with clefts require a combined surgical and…

56 Definitive Rhinoplasty for Adult Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity Gary C. Burget KEY POINTS The cleft lip nasal deformity is the “ultimate” crooked or twisted nose; it should be addressed…

57 Postpalatoplasty Fistulas: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Darren M. Smith, Matthew D. Ford, Joseph E. Losee KEY POINTS ○ Palatal fistulas are extremely difficult to manage. ○ The best fistula…

65 Orthodontic Principles in the Management of Orofacial Clefts Ana M. Mercado, Katherine W.L. Vig KEY POINTS ○ The interdisciplinary team approach was developed to provide efficient and effective integrated…

64 Nasoalveolar Molding and Columella Elongation in Preparation for the Primary Repair of Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Judah S. Garfinkle, Barry H. Grayson KEY POINTS ○ Early…

46 Bilateral Cleft Lip and Nose Repair Philip Kuo-Ting Chen, M. Samuel Noordhoff KEY POINTS ○ The prolabial width must be kept narrow without compromising the blood supply. ○ The…

43 Unilateral Cleft Lip and Nose Repair Kenneth E. Salyer, David K. Chong, Alexandre Marchac, Joseph Michienzi KEY POINTS ○ Technically skilled surgery must be combined with attention to detail…

47 Repair of Bilateral Cleft Lip and Nasal Deformity John B. Mulliken KEY POINTS ○ Operative principles for synchronous nasolabial repair include the following: – Maintain symmetry. – Secure primary…

50 Cleft Palate Repair With Minimal Hard Palate Dissection and Radical Muscle Reconstruction Brian C. Sommerlad KEY POINTS ○ Cleft palate repair is the most important component of cleft surgery,…

52 Rare Craniofacial Clefts Justine C. Lee, Henry K. Kawamoto, Jr. KEY POINTS ○ Craniofacial clefts occur along defined facial axes. ○ Craniofacial clefts can affect all tissue types, including…

70 Alveolar Transport Distraction Osteogenesis Bruce B. Horswell, Nicholas J.V. Hogg KEY POINTS ○ Patient selection for alveolar transport distraction osteogenesis and its ultimate success involve patient motivation, parent and…

54 Correction of Secondary Unilateral Cleft Lip and Nose Deformity H. Steve Byrd, Evan W. Beale KEY POINTS ○ Adequate correction of secondary cleft lip and nasal deformities begins with…

73 Segmental Maxillary Osteotomy Philip Kuo-Ting Chen, Eric J.W. Liou, Yu-Ray Chen KEY POINTS ○ Segmental maxillary osteotomy is used to correct relative malposition within the maxilla. ○ Understanding development…

72 Cleft and Craniofacial Orthognathic Surgery Jesse A. Goldstein, Stephen B. Baker KEY POINTS ○ Dentofacial deformities, specifically maxillary hypoplasia resulting in class III malocclusion, are typical in the cleft…

59 Posterior Pharyngeal Flaps Karen W.Y. Wong, Paula G. Klaiman, Christopher R. Forrest KEY POINTS ○ One in three children may develop velopharyngeal dysfunction after cleft palate repair. ○ The…

51 Two-Stage Palate Repair Robert M. Menard KEY POINTS ○ Growth of the maxilla occurs through a combination of processes: sutural growth through the midpalatal suture (MPS), transverse palatine suture…

69 Reconstruction of the Cleft Maxilla and Alveolus Bernard J. Costello, Ramon L. Ruiz KEY POINTS ○ An interesting aspect of the development of cleft care has been the reconstructive…

53 Lateral Transverse Facial Clefts Peter J. Taub, Joseph E. Losee KEY POINTS ○ Transverse clefts account for less than 1% of all facial clefts. ○ Transverse clefts are associated…

45 Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: Anatomic Subunit Approximation Technique David M. Fisher KEY POINTS ○ The goal of the anatomic subunit approximation technique is to bring the medial and lateral…