Chin augmentation with implants is the most frequently performed facial implant surgery. It has long been considered a simple procedure, often done in the office setting, and one that always…

Le Fort I maxillary and sagittal split mandibular osteotomies are performed to correct dental malocclusion and improve facial harmony. Skeletal movements of large magnitude, particularly those for correction of preexisting…

Indications for and Advantages of Cad/Cam Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) provides added sophistication to facial implant surgery. It provides three-dimensional millimeter accuracy in implant design and manufacturing specific to…

In his article “Anatomy and pathophysiology of facial aging”, Zimbler states, “Facial aesthetics begin with the marriage of hard and soft tissue integration; however, it is the changing balance of…

Indications Three groups of patients benefit from implant augmentation of the mandibular body, angle, and ramus. These include patients with normal, deficient, or surgically altered anatomy. Normal dimensions Most patients…

Prominent malar bones are considered attractive. Hence, the malar area is frequently augmented with implants. Although not documented in the literature, personal experience with primary and secondary malar implant surgery…

The upper midface skeleton has direct and indirect influences on the appearance of the face and, particularly, the eyes. The relationship between the globe and the orbital rims will determine…

The size and shape of the internal orbit determines orbital volume and the position of the eye. An increase in orbital volume results in enophthalmos – the recession of the…

A relative deficiency in lower midface projection may be congenital or acquired, particularly after cleft surgery and maxillary fractures. Since the majority of white faces are convex, midface concavity is…

Cranioplasty is performed to restore the integrity and appearance of the skull. This most often involves the reconstruction of full-thickness skeletal defects. Cranioplasty may also be performed to normalize or…

Concavity in the temporal area is often referred to as “temporal hollowing.” It reflects a deficiency in the bulk of the temporalis muscle, the temporal fat pad, and/or an underlying…

The craniofacial skeleton can be reconstructed with both autogenous bone and alloplastic implants. Alloplastic implants are used only as onlay grafts to the native skeleton to improve facial contour and…

This chapter presents the principles and basic steps of the senior author’s operative technique for implant augmentation of the facial skeleton. Preparation In anticipation of implant surgery, steps to minimize…

Physical examination is the most important element of preoperative assessment and planning for both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Reviewing photographic images with the patient can be helpful when discussing aesthetic…

The shape of the human face is composed of a skeletal bony framework that is covered by a soft tissue envelope. Overall, skeletal proportions are probably the most important component…