Preauricular Approach The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its components frequently require exposure for a myriad of procedures. Internal derangements of the TMJ, arthritis, trauma, developmental disorders, and neoplasia may all…

External (Open) Approach A myriad of surgical approaches have been described to expose the nasal skeleton. Two common basic surgical approaches are described here, each with its own set of…

Endonasal Approach Several endonasal approaches and incisions to expose the nasal skeleton have been described. The technique for modification of the alar cartilages is the major variable in the different…

Retromandibular Approach The retromandibular approach exposes the entire ramus from behind the posterior border. It therefore may be useful for procedures involving the area on or near the condylar neck/head,…

Approaches to the Maxilla The midfacial and mandibular skeleton can be readily exposed through incisions placed inside the oral cavity. The approaches are rapid and safe and the exposure is…

Rhytidectomy Approach The rhytidectomy or facelift approach to the mandibular ramus is a variant of the retromandibular approach. The only difference is that the cutaneous incision is placed in a…

Submandibular Approach The mandible can be exposed by surgical approaches using incisions placed on the skin of the face. The position of the incisions and anatomy vary depending on the…

Mandibular Vestibular Approach The mandibular vestibular approach is useful in a wide variety of procedures. It allows relatively safe access to the entire facial surface of the mandibular skeleton, from…

Coronal Approach The coronal or bitemporal incision is a versatile surgical approach to the upper and middle regions of the facial skeleton, including the zygomatic arch. It provides excellent access…