Irrigation in Endodontics
The success of endodontic treatment depends on the eradication of microbes from the root-canal system and prevention of reinfection. The root canal is shaped with hand and rotary instruments under…
General Dentistry
Treatment of the Immature Tooth with a Non–Vital Pulp and Apical Periodontitis
Traditional methods of treatment of immature root with necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis pose multiple challenges. These challenges include disinfection of the root canal with standard protocols that aggressively use…
Essentials of Endodontic Microsurgery
While endodontic microsurgery has been making tremendous strides in the past 20 years, there are still basic concepts that are confusing or frustrating for the novice and experienced surgeon alike….
Case Studies in Modern Molar Endodontic Access and Directed Dentin Conservation
The following case studies provide insight into the integration of the principles set forward in the preceding article. Each case is evaluated first on the endorestorative principles that form the…
Modern Molar Endodontic Access and Directed Dentin Conservation
During patient treatment, the clinician needs to consider the operator needs, the restoration needs, and the tooth needs. This article discusses molar access and failures of endodontically treated teeth that…
The Use of the Operating Microscope in Endodontics
In the last 15 years, there has been an explosion of new technologies, instruments, and materials for nonsurgical and surgical endodontics. These developments have improved the precision with which endodontics…
Local Anesthesia Strategies for the Patient With a “Hot” Tooth
Attaining local anesthesia for the treatment of teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis (“hot” tooth) can be a challenge. This article looks at the strategies a dentist can use to help…
Advanced Techniques for Detecting Lesions in Bone
Imaging is an important clinical aid for the diagnosis of endodontic bone lesions. Traditional radiology performs more accurately than any other diagnostic tool. Computed tomography has been used for the…
Glass-Ionomer Cements as Restorative and Preventive Materials
This article focuses on glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and its role in the clinical management of caries. It begins with a brief description of GIC, the mechanism of fluoride release and…
Treatment Protocols: Nonfluoride Management of the Caries Disease Process and Available Diagnostics
This article reviews the evidence for saliva diagnostics and some antibacterial concepts with potential to interfere with the caries process. It concludes that there is incomplete evidence to evaluate the…
