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Dentofacial orthopaedics for class II malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess in growing children

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction The skeletal class II malocclusions with vertical maxillary excess (VME) exhibit an excessive gummy smile and a long face. These patients have a vertical growth pattern of the face…

Mode of action of functional appliances

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

The premise of functional appliance Since the fortuitous invention of so-called ‘bite jumping’, functional appliances (FAs) have been continuously modified and researched. FAs work on the following premises: 1. FAs…

Clear aligner therapy : Fundamentals, indications and biomechanics

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction As the demand for orthodontic treatment among adult patients continues to rise, many adults hesitate to wear traditional metal appliances due to their unaesthetic appearance. The unappealing look of…

Class II division 1 malocclusion: Features and early intervention of growing maxillary excess

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Class II malocclusion has distinct skeletal, dental and facial characteristics. It is defined by a convex facial profile and a retrognathic mandible. This condition involves a distal positioning of…

The Begg’s appliance —philosophy and technique, forgotton yet relevant

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction The orthodontic approach pioneered by Dr. PR Begg in the mid-20th century introduced several innovative concepts. These included using light force levels, freedom from rigid three-dimensional control using ribbon…

Bonding attachments in orthodontic practice

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

It was initially said that orthodontists who are good at wire bending would achieve excellent clinical results. With the advent of pre programmed brackets, Dr. Ronald Roth noted that ‘at…

Evolution of functional appliances and their changing philosophy

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Most young patients who report for an orthodontic consultation complaining of with ‘buck teeth’ are likely to have a superior protrusion and/or a retrognathic lower jaw. These patients classified…

Management of class II malocclusion with fixed appliance: Camouflage orthodontic treatment

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Class II malocclusion is the most common reason for seeking orthodontic treatment. However, it is second in frequency among the three classes of malocclusion: class I malocclusion is the…

Essential components of the fixed orthodontic appliance

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction The evolution of fixed orthodontic appliance systems and their components is closely linked to the development of the science of metals, technology, milling instruments and recent advances in computer-aided…

Preservation of normal occlusion and interception of malocclusion during early mixed dentition

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction The objectives of preventive and interceptive orthodontics are to minimise or eliminate possible aetiological factors of malocclusion during the period of occlusion development, thereby helping in the attainment of…

Normal and abnormal functions of the stomatognathic system and deleterious habits

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Orofacial function and craniofacial development The orofacial skeletal and dental development are intimately interdependent on the development of functions of the orofacial structures. When a child is born, the neuromuscular…

Three-dimensional radiation imaging in orthodontics

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Orthodontists prioritise a comprehensive evaluation of the human face and stomatognathic system. Radiological imaging is crucial in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, simulation and progress assessment. As the field of…

Orthodontic arch wires: Materials and their properties

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction The optimal force delivery system in orthodontics should be able to deliver the desired force without frequent visits or change, be hygienic and be affordable. A force delivery system…

Role of removable appliances in contemporary orthodontics

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Removable appliances (RAs) are those that can be removed and inserted into the mouth by the patient. Although the scope and use of RAs have now significantly reduced as…

3D volumetric analysis and clinical implications of the upper airway and sinuses

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction The postural relationships of the head, jaws and tongue are established immediately at birth with the patency and opening of the airway. These postural relations change to meet physiological…

Orthodontic treatment with 3D-printed clear aligners

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction to 3D-printed clear aligners Since their introduction in 1998 by Align Technology, digitally created orthodontic aligners have seen remarkable advancements. Initially developed using thermoformed materials, these aligners were fabricated…

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Dentofacial orthopaedics for class II malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess in growing children

Mode of action of functional appliances

Clear aligner therapy : Fundamentals, indications and biomechanics

Class II division 1 malocclusion: Features and early intervention of growing maxillary excess

The Begg’s appliance —philosophy and technique, forgotton yet relevant

Bonding attachments in orthodontic practice

Evolution of functional appliances and their changing philosophy

Management of class II malocclusion with fixed appliance: Camouflage orthodontic treatment

Essential components of the fixed orthodontic appliance

Preservation of normal occlusion and interception of malocclusion during early mixed dentition

Normal and abnormal functions of the stomatognathic system and deleterious habits

Three-dimensional radiation imaging in orthodontics

Orthodontic arch wires: Materials and their properties

Role of removable appliances in contemporary orthodontics

3D volumetric analysis and clinical implications of the upper airway and sinuses

Orthodontic treatment with 3D-printed clear aligners

3D digital models or E-models

Three-dimensional cephalometry

Rubber and synthetic elastic accessories

2D cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery