Transconjunctival Approaches
Transconjunctival Approaches Transconjunctival approaches expose the floor of the orbit and infraorbital rim. More recently, these approaches have been extended medially to expose the medial wall of the orbit. The…
Upper Eyelid Approach
Upper Eyelid Approach The most direct and cosmetically appealing approach to the superolateral orbital rim is the upper eyelid approach, also called upper blepharoplasty, upper eyelid crease, and supratarsal fold…
Supraorbital Eyebrow Approach
Supraorbital Eyebrow Approach SURGICAL ANATOMY The “in the eyebrow” incision offers simple and rapid camouflaged access to the lateral supraorbital rim, the frontozygomatic suture line, and occasionally the region slightly…
Basic Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton
Basic Principles for Approaches to the Facial Skeleton Maximum success in skeletal surgery depends on adequate access to and exposure of the skeleton. Skeletal surgery is simplified and expedited when…
The Pulp Reaction Beneath the Carious Lesion
Fig. 11.1 Odontoblasts and Hoehl’s cells are located at the periphery of the pulp Fig. 11.2 Immunohistochemical visualization of alpha acetyl tubulin, a component of microtubules, in H8 (a) and…
Cervical Sclerotic Dentin: Resin Bonding
Fig. 10.1 (a) SEM micrograph of sclerotic dentin lesion showing a dentinal tubule that was heavily occluded with large cubic whitlockite crystallites (pointers) (Modified from Tay and Pashley (2004a)) (b)…
Superficial and Deep Carious Lesions
Fig. 9.1 (a) An X-ray figure showing proximal cavities in premolars. (b) An old silver amalgam restoration and fissures. (c) Occlusal restoration with caries-infiltrated fissures Fig. 9.2 After acid or…
The Early Enamel Carious Lesion
Fig. 4.1 Schematic drawing of the initial carious lesion including a surface zone, the subsurface lesion (or body of the lesion), the condensation zones (dark zone and translucent zone), and…
Enamel Etching
Fig. 3.1 (a) Crystallite of a mouse incisor. Alignments of hydroxyapatite monocrystals form a lattice, with – 5 Å–6.8 Å spacing. (b) Axial dissolution of a crystallite. (c) The acidic…
Ultrastructure of the Enamel-Cementum Junction
Fig. 12.1 Schematic transition between procollagen chains, nucleated under the influence of the C-propeptide. The procollagen trimer is transformed into collagen, a process followed by collagen fibrillation (Linsennnmayer 1981) 12.2…
