, Reem Atout1, Nader Hamdan2 and Ioannis Tsourounakis3 (1) University of Manitoba College of Dentistry, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (2) Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (3) Southwest Specialty Group, Winnipeg,…
Fig. 10.1 A rough outline model for the prosthetic treatment options, single-tooth gap 10.4 Gathering Information 10.4.1 Patient History 10.4.1.1 The Medical History The patient’s general health must be comprehensively…
Fig. 7.1 (a) Radiograph of an upper lateral incisor with a long parallel post showing an incomplete root canal filling and a periapical radiolucency. Endodontic treatment options can either be…
Fig. 8.1 (a) Tooth 36 is symptomatic after root canal treatment. (b) X-ray in distal angulation suggests the presence of an untreated mesial-lingual canal. (c) Reamer 02 ISO 15 in…
Fig. 3.1 Ecological moments that determine the selection of a post-treatment root canal community. Environmental disturbances such as mechanical instrumentation, irrigation with antimicrobials and inter-appointment medication cause a simplification of…
Study Country Radiograph Sample PrevalenceRF (%) PrevalenceAP (%) FrequencyAP total (%) FrequencyAP RF (%) Bergenholtz et al. [34] Sweden Apical/FMR Patient 57 6.1 30.5 Boltacz-Rzepkowska [35] Poland Apical/FMR Patient…
Fig. 6.1 A decision tree logically displaying alternative actions in the management of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis 6.3 Variation in Endodontic Retreatment Decision Making In a benchmark , experimental…
Disease Illness Sickness Phenomena studied Pathophysiological, histological, microbiological, and radiographic events Pain, swelling, or other symptoms present now or in the future Criteria for classification and grading of disease…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018 Thomas Kvist (ed.)Apical Periodontitis in Root-Filled Teethdoi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57250-5_4 4. Consequences Fredrik Frisk1, 2 and Thomas Kvist2 (1) Department of Endodontology, Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden (2) Department of Endodontology,…
Fig. 4.1 Nonrestorable roots of a mandibular second molar with a fragment in the apical third of the distal root. Tooth extraction is the treatment of choice in this case…
Fig. 7.1 (a) Preoperative radiograph. (b) Fractured instrument in the apical third of the curved distal root of a first mandibular molar. (c) Root perforation and creation of “iatrogenic” canal…
Factors affecting intracanal instrument fracture Operator related Skill, proficiency, judgment Anatomy related Access cavity Root canal anatomy Instrument related Material Design Manufacturing process and errors Technique/use related Motors operating parameters…
Fig. 1.1 Fragments of various endodontic instruments Fig. 1.2 (a) Fragment of an irrigation needle in the mesiobuccal root canal of a maxillary molar. (b) Fragment of the notched end…
Fig. 3.1 Image showing H-files discarded after clinical use due to plastic deformation of the cutting tip Fig. 3.2 Distribution of fractured and plastically deformed instruments within different ISO sizes…
Study Lesiona No lesion Healing (%) Effect on healing Strindberg (1956) 2/4 9/11 11/15 (73%) Overall 19% reduction (although lower when lesion is present) Grahnén and Hansson (1961) NR NR…
Fig. 5.1 (a) Preoperative radiograph of a mandibular right first molar with a fragment in the middle third of the mesial root. (b, c) Operative microscope photographs of the pulp…
Steps Procedure First Ten vigorous strokes in a scouring sponge soaked in 0.2% chlorhexidine solution Second 30-min presoak in an enzymatic cleaning solution Third 15-min ultrasonication in the same solution…
Author(s) Study design and sample size Methods, devices, instruments, techniques, and protocol used Microscope Definition of success Success rate Shiyakov and Vasileva (2014) In vivo (n = 26) Ultrasonics Yes…