Multiplicity 1: Subgroup analyses
In orthodontics, as well as other fields, the simplest trial would involve a single outcome measure with a comparison of 2 treatments and no subgroup analyses. However, this is not…
Evidence-based clinical orthodontics
Peter Miles and coeditors Daniel and Donald Rinchuse are experienced orthodontic educators and clinicians. Peter Miles is a senior lecturer in the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Queensland…
Effect of remineralizing agents on white spot lesions after orthodontic treatment: A systematic review
Introduction White spot lesions are a common complication after orthodontic treatment. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate which remineralizing agents are effective for the treatment of white…
Qualifying the expert witness
W ilson v Pandey , No. CCB-09-01687, US Dist Ct (Md) 2011, is interesting in that it enlightens us about 1 aspect of a trial court judge’s duty to qualify…
Esthetic perception of black spaces between maxillary central incisors by different age groups
Introduction The aim of this research was to evaluate esthetic perceptions of the smile, especially regarding black spaces between the maxillary central incisors, by laypersons in 3 age groups. Methods…
Correction of Class II malocclusion with Class II elastics: A systematic review
Introduction Although Class II elastics have been widely used in the correction of Class II malocclusions, there is still a belief that their side effects override the intended objectives. The…
Association between gingival recession and proclination of maxillary central incisors near the cleft in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: A retrospective case-control study
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate whether proclination of the maxillary central incisor near a cleft leads to gingival recession in patients born with unilateral cleft lip…
Change in maxillary incisor inclination during surgical-orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion: Comparison of extraction and nonextraction of the maxillary first premolars
Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in preoperative decompensation and postoperative compensation of the maxillary incisors in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion treated with 2-jaw…
Evaluation of the severity of malocclusions in children affected by osteogenesis imperfecta with the peer assessment rating and discrepancy indexes
Introduction Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heritable disorder affecting bone and tooth development. Malocclusion is frequent in those affected by osteogenesis imperfecta, but this has not been studied in detail. The…
Multiplicity 2: Multiple treatments and multiple outcomes
In the previous article, I discussed subgroup analyses. In this article and the next, we will consider other aspects of clinical trials that lead to multiplicity of data when multiple…
