Although clinical application of a pre-expanded perforator flap is primarily focused on face and neck reconstructions, such a flap has also been used to reconstruct defects in the trunk, extremities,…
Reconstruction of the postburn hand remains a challenge for surgeons. For cosmetic and functional requirements, the desired flap should be thin enough to ensure the flexibility of the hand. Conventional…
The double “S” principle should be followed for facial reconstruction: the “ similarity” of the donor site to the defect area and the reconstruction should be based on the different…
In this article, we present the pre-expanded, prefabricated supercharged cervicothoracic monoblock perforator flap for total or subtotal facial resurfacing. This technique can be a reliable reconstruction option for extensive facial…
Pre-expanded perforator flaps are the most recent technical way to shape tissue for exact needs. Reconstruction with pre-expanded free perforator flaps has proven successful in terms of obtaining more extensive,…
The medial upper arm flap is a time-honored yet ignored technique. It may be revitalized by combining the techniques of tissue expansion and perforator flap surgery. Pre-expansion increases flap dimension,…
The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap can be used to cover large defects of the proximal lower extremity, abdominal wall, perineum, vulva, and buttock. Pre-expanding DIEP flaps cause a…
The paraumbilical perforator flap is the first and the most famous perforator flap. Pre-expansion increases the flap dimension and reduces the flap thickness and donor site morbidities, making the paraumbilical…
The size of the thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap or pedicle, in general, may be found to be inadequate. Pre-expansion of the flap before harvest can be a solution to…
This article introduces pre-expanded super-thin intercostal perforator flaps, particularly the flap that has a perforator from the first to second intercostal spaces. The key techniques, advantages and disadvantages, and complications…
Internal mammary artery (IMA)-based pedicled perforator flaps can be used to reconstruct defects of the neck and anterior chest wall. Pre-expansion causes a possible delay phenomenon, improves flap survival, and…
The supraclavicular artery perforator (SAP) flap is a versatile flap for the reconstruction of head and neck defects. Recently, the authors have modified the SAP flap by using an anterior…
The face and neck are important areas for function and appearance. High-quality skin flaps should be used to reconstruct defects in the cervicofacial region. This article introduces the pre-expanded transverse…
Patients with severe postburn scar contractures underwent reconstruction of skin defects after scar excision with pre-expanded super-thin skin perforator flaps supplied primarily by perforators via the “bridging effect” from the…
The vascular anatomy of perforators varies between individuals; thus, accurate preoperative assessment of perforators is essential for safely planning perforator flaps. Perforator computed tomographic angiography (P-CTA) with multidetector-row computed tomography…
Pre-expanded perforator flaps have several advantages over their traditional counterparts owing to the thin, more pliable nature, larger size, and minimum morbidity of the donor site. Recently, plastic surgeons have…
Pre-expanded perforator flaps, a combination of tissue expansion with perforator flaps, are emerging as another landmark of plastic surgery. This flap inherits the characteristics of both perforator flaps and expanded…
Lee L.Q. Pu, MD, PhD, FACS, Editor Chunmei Wang, MD, PhD, Editor Perforator flap surgery has indeed revolutionized reconstructive plastic surgery. With accurate knowledge of the perforator anatomy, plastic surgeons…
