Key points • Upper facial rejuvenation is an important component of complete facial rejuvenation and has an overall low complication rate. • Most complications of upper facial procedures are avoided…
Key points • Preoperative planning is crucial to a successful lower eyelid procedure. The surgeon must decide between transconjuctival approach, transcutaneous approach, or a combination of both to address lower…
Key points • The endoscopic brow lift is most ideally suited to the patient exhibiting brow ptosis, redundant forehead/temporal skin, and a normal to short hairline. • Specialized instruments are…
Key points • Brow lifting is a gratifying operation; creation of a youthful eye/brow complex can by quite dramatic. • Repositioning of the brows can aid in the appearance of…
Key points • Lower eyelid laxity has various etiologies. • In-office tests assess lower eyelid laxity and help to plan for correction at the time of lower blepharoplasty or to…
There is no secret to achieving successful results with lower belpharoplasties; as is the case with any surgical procedure, proper patient evaluation and development of a comprehensive, anatomic-based treatment plan…
Key points • Upper eyelid blepharoplasty has become more conservative, where there is less excision and more emphasis on repositioning and restoring orbital anatomy and volume. • Thorough periorbital preoperative…
Key points • With upper facial cosmetic surgery, the skin must be youthful appearing to give an overall esthetic appearance. • Resurfacing has been an established treatment option for years…
Key points • Facial fillers are valuable in volumetric rejuvenation of the upper face, alone, or as an adjunct to cosmetic surgical facial procedures and neurotoxins. The injector must evaluate…
Key points • Botulinum toxin is a potent exotoxin that disrupts neuromuscular transmission by inhibiting the release for acetylcholine from the presynaptic membrane resulting in attenuation of muscle contraction. •…
