To loosen tooth from periodontal ligaments before extraction
To separate and lift tooth from socket
Characteristics
Single ended
Range of sizes available
Practice note
Straight Elevator is used on surgical extraction tray setups.
Straight Elevator must be cleaned, bagged individually or bagged/wrapped in a tray setup, and then sterilized. A chemical/steam indicator device should be included in the wrapping.
Instrument
Luxating elevator
Functions
To cut periodontal ligaments before extraction
To rock tooth back and forth before extraction
Characteristics
Single ended
Sharp blade on working end
Blade is serrated
Range of sizes available
Practice note
Luxating Elevator is used on surgical extraction tray setups.
Luxating Elevator must be cleaned, bagged individually or bagged/wrapped in a tray setup, and then sterilized. A chemical/steam indicator device should be included in the wrapping.
Instrument
Periotomes
Functions
To cut periodontal ligaments for atraumatic tooth extraction
To use when dental implant placement is indicated
Characteristics
Thin, sharp blades—Cause minimal damage to periodontal ligaments and surrounding alveolar bone
Straight or angled blades
Single or double ended
Range of sizes available
Some manufacturers make replaceable tips
Practice note
Periotomes are used on surgical extraction tray setups.
Periotomes must be cleaned, bagged individually or bagged/wrapped in a tray setup, and then sterilized. A chemical/steam indicator device should be included in the wrapping.
Instrument
Root elevators
Functions
To loosen root
To separate and lift root from socket
To use on posterior teeth
Characteristics
Single ended
Right and left pairs
Range of sizes available
Example:
Cryer (commonly used type)
Practice note
Root Elevators are used in surgical extraction tray setups.
Root Elevators must be cleaned, bagged individually or bagged/wrapped in a tray setup, and then sterilized. A chemical/steam indicator device should be included in the wrapping.
Instrument
T-bar elevators
Functions
To loosen tooth from periodontal ligaments before extraction
To separate tooth from alveolus
To use on posterior teeth
Characteristics
Single ended
Rounded or pointed
Right or left pairs
T-Bar elevators are available with different style handles
Range of sizes available
Practice note
T-Bar Elevators are used on surgical extraction tray setups.
T-Bar Elevators must be cleaned, bagged individually or bagged/wrapped in a tray setup, and then sterilized. A chemical/steam indicator device should be included in the wrapping.
Instrument
Root-tip elevators
Function
To lift and remove fragments of root
Characteristics
Single ended
Rounded or pointed
Working ends are serrated
Straight or right and left pairs
Practice note
Root-Tip Elevators are used on surgical extraction tray setups.
Root-Tip Elevators must be cleaned, bagged individually or bagged/wrapped in a tray setup, and then sterilized. A chemical/steam indicator device should be included in the wrapping.
Instrument
Root-tip picks
Function
To lift and remove small root tips in difficult-to-reach areas
Characteristics
Pointed at working end
Straight or right and left pairs
Practice note
Root-Tip Picks are used on surgical extraction tray setups.
Root-Tip Picks must be cleaned, bagged individually or bagged/wrapped in a tray setup, and then sterilized. A chemical/steam indicator device should be included in the wrapping.
Instrument
Rongeurs
Functions
To trim and remove excess alveolar bone after extraction of teeth
To contour alveolar bone after single or multiple extractions
Characteristics
Variety of sizes and angles
Beaks have cutting edges
Practice note
Rongeurs used on surgical extraction tray setups.
Rongeurs must be cleaned, bagged individually or bagged/wrapped in a tray setup, and then sterilized. A chemical/steam indicator device should be included in the wrapping. Hinged instruments should be processed open and unlocked.
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