drzezo

Orthodontist’s roles in upper airway sleep disorders

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Humans spend around one-third of their lives sleeping, which plays an essential physiological role and is fundamental to existence. Sleep-related breathing disorders adversely affect health. The three common sleep-related…

Management of cleft lip and palate with a focus on orthodontic aspects

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) represents the most prevalent congenital birth defect affecting facial and oral structures. This condition may be expressed clinically as complete or partial separation of…

Clear aligner therapy : Fundamentals, indications and biomechanics

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction As the demand for orthodontic treatment among adult patients continues to rise, many adults hesitate to wear traditional metal appliances due to their unaesthetic appearance. The unappealing look of…

Fundamentals of 3D data acquisition in orthodontics

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Contemporary orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning require an extensive clinical examination and evaluation of diagnostic records. Routine orthodontic records, which include plaster study models, radiographs and photographs, can now…

Orthodontic treatment with self-ligating bracket systems

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Contemporary orthodontics entails orthodontic tooth movement through a force, which is applied through arch wires and is transmitted to the teeth via brackets. The arch wire is often held…

Orthodontic considerations in patients with underlying medical conditions

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Chronic medical issues are notably prevalent, with estimates suggesting that 10%–15% of children under 16 years and a higher proportion of adults experience long-tetabkerm health conditions involving multiple systems….

Fundamentals of evidence based orthodontics

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction As clinical landscapes evolve and technology advances at an unprecedented pace, clinicians find themselves at crossroads. They face the pressing dilemma of adhering to traditional, established practices or adapting…

Orthodontic treatment with contemporary fixed appliance phase II: Major dental movements

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction The main objective of the active phase of dental treatment is to position the teeth accurately in their correct occluso-gingival placement and mesiodistal angulations while also aligning them in…

Contemporary approaches for the orthopaedic correction of class III malocclusion

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction The most widely used and traditional class III growth modification appliance is the protraction facemask, with and without rapid maxillary expansion. Several studies have shown that the effect of…

Gummy smiles: Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment protocol

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction A gummy smile, characterised by excessive gingival tissue display during smiling, is primarily a subjective clinical observation rather than a quantifiable cephalometric measurement. The variability in underlying causes, ranging…

Maintenance of the post-orthodontic outcome, relapse and retention

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction The real challenge in orthodontic treatment is achieving a well-finished occlusion and maintaining the correction for years to come. This phase of orthodontic care is known as retention, and…

Ortho-surgical management of skeletal malocclusions

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction The rehabilitation, attainment and maintenance of a well-functioning masticatory apparatus in adult patients with dentofacial deformity would require the involvement of several dental specialists. Although the adult patient may…

Orthodontic considerations of inter-disciplinary treatment

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction In recent times, the awareness about the benefits of a healthy and aesthetically pleasing dentition has significantly increased. Our knowledge of dental diseases and methods available to restore mutilated…

3D metal-printed applications in clinical orthodontics

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Since the beginning of the use of appliances to straighten teeth, metals have been integral to clinical orthodontics. The progression of metallurgy and metal fabrication experienced significant growth during…

Orthodontic aspects of impacted canines

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Impaction of a tooth is retardation or halt in the normal process of eruption. An impacted tooth, other than the third molar, is indicated for orthodontic treatment if not…

Orthodontic retreatment: Clinical considerations and treatment strategies

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Orthodontic retreatment refers to the need to repeat orthodontic treatment due to sub-optimal treatment outcome of the first treatment or orthodontic relapse. Sub-optimal outcomes may often be due to…

Dental midline deviations

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Midline deviations Dental asymmetry or centre line deviations may be the outcome of discrepancies in tooth dimensions or improper placement of dental units within normal/symmetrical underlying jaw bones or be…

Temporary anchorage devices: Intra alveolar mini screw implants

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Orthodontic anchorage provided by teeth and conventional methods is often insufficient in managing severe and complex malocclusion. Alternate anchorage systems are required to enhance the quality of treatment outcomes…

Orthodontic management of transverse cant of the occlusal plane

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction and definition The occlusal plane (OP) can tilt in both the anteroposterior and vertical directions. When the OP is canted in the frontal plane and affects a person’s smile…

Surgically facilitated rapid tooth movement (SF-RTM)

May 10, 2026 by drzezo in Orthodontics 0 comments

Introduction Since ancient times, there have been attempts to alter bone growth in quantity and direction to create beautiful smiles by moving teeth or remodelling the shapes of the bones…

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Orthodontist’s roles in upper airway sleep disorders

Management of cleft lip and palate with a focus on orthodontic aspects

Clear aligner therapy : Fundamentals, indications and biomechanics

Fundamentals of 3D data acquisition in orthodontics

Orthodontic treatment with self-ligating bracket systems

Orthodontic considerations in patients with underlying medical conditions

Fundamentals of evidence based orthodontics

Orthodontic treatment with contemporary fixed appliance phase II: Major dental movements

Contemporary approaches for the orthopaedic correction of class III malocclusion

Gummy smiles: Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment protocol

Maintenance of the post-orthodontic outcome, relapse and retention

Ortho-surgical management of skeletal malocclusions

Orthodontic considerations of inter-disciplinary treatment

3D metal-printed applications in clinical orthodontics

Orthodontic aspects of impacted canines

Orthodontic retreatment: Clinical considerations and treatment strategies

Dental midline deviations

Temporary anchorage devices: Intra alveolar mini screw implants

Orthodontic management of transverse cant of the occlusal plane

Surgically facilitated rapid tooth movement (SF-RTM)