10.1055/b-0034-75545 Interproximal Enamel Reduction (Stripping) Space creation is an important part of orthodontic treatment. Interproximal enamel reduction is a long-established alternative treatment to extraction. A number of terms are used…
10.1055/b-0034-75535 Positioning of Self-Ligating Brackets Positioning of self-ligating brackets can be facilitated by using special tools such as positioning tweezers and jigs. These can be obtained in a number of…
10.1055/b-0034-75533 Positioning of Brackets Successful treatment with the preadjusted appliance requires precise bracket placement in all three planes of space. Vertical Positioning There are numerous suggestions in the literature that…
10.1055/b-0034-75530 Hygiene Approaches for Fixed-Appliance Treatment Prophylactic Measures Bonding Oral hygiene is more difficult after fixed appliances have been fitted. Efforts to maintain a patient’s oral health should therefore start…
10.1055/b-0034-75525 Standard Diagnostic Tools in Orthodontics Standard orthodontic records may consist of study models, radiographs (orthopantomogram and lateral cephalo-gram, where indicated), as well as photographic records. Most of these records…
10.1055/b-0034-75520 Basic Principles A large number of different self-ligating bracket (SLB) systems are available on the market today. The properties of an individual system depend on the materials used for…
10.1055/b-0034-75513 Development of Self-Ligating Bracket Systems The technique today uses metal or elastomeric ligatures to attach an archwire to a bracket. Ligating the archwire to the bracket slot in this…
10.1055/b-0034-75518 Auxiliaries Conventional brackets and archwires are not always able to achieve all the desired tooth movements, and auxiliaries are therefore often necessary in clinical practice. Modern bracket and archwire…
10.1055/b-0034-75514 Expectations and Reality NOTE The most important advantages that self-ligating brackets are expected to provide are: Reduced friction Shorter overall treatment time Longer intervals between visits Reduced chairside time14…
10.1055/b-0034-56522 Phase 1 Therapy • Initial Treatment 2—Causal, Antimicrobial Therapy by the Dental Team Traditional, Non-surgical Pocket Treatment FMT—Pharmacologically Supported “Full Mouth Therapy” Actual Phase 1 therapy—the second component of…
10.1055/b-0034-56506 Periodontitis Periodontitis maintains its position as one of the most widespread diseases of mankind, but fortunately only ca. 5–10% of all cases are aggressive, rapidly-progressing forms (Ahrens & Bublitz…
10.1055/b-0034-56507 Oral Pathologic Alterations of Gingiva and Periodontium* As they traverse their clinical course, plaque-induced inflammatory gingival and periodontal diseases may be enhanced or co-initiated by hormonal disturbances and the…
10.1055/b-0034-56520 Initial Treatment 1— • Oral Hygiene by the Patient The patient’s oral hygiene (plaque control) remains today the primary supportive pillar of periodontal prophylaxis. It also supports treatment, and…
10.1055/b-0034-56521 Initial Treatment 1— • Creating Conditions that Enhance Oral Hygiene Tooth Cleaning—Supragingival Scaling Creation of Hygiene Capability Gingivitis Treatment Active professional treatment by the dentist or dental hygienist should…
10.1055/b-0034-56508 HIV Infection—AIDS The immune deficiency disease AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus 1, a retrovirus. It is a complex virus, whose RNA genome (8,700 bases)…
10.1055/b-0034-56498 Microbiology Bacteria are present throughout life in a myriad of sites on and in the human body. The bacteria may be beneficial for the host, or of no consequence…
10.1055/b-0034-56510 Data Collection—Diagnosis—Prognosis Before any therapy is undertaken, clinical and other relevant data must be collected, to serve as the basis for diagnosis and a preliminary prognosis. The clinician must…
