OSTEOLOGY
Overview
GENERAL INFORMATION
Most complicated bony structure in the human body
The complete bony framework of the head; includes the mandible
28 individual bones make up the skull:
• 11 are paired
• 6 are single
Wormian bones, or sutural bones, are irregularly shaped small bones found along sutures that occur naturally
FUNCTIONS
Most important function: to protect the brain
Also protects the 5 organs of special sense:
• Vision
• Taste
DIVISIONS
Two major ways to divide the bones of the skull:
• Regional
Regionally, the skull is divided into the mandible (lower jaw) and cranium (skull without the mandible)
Cranium is further divided into:
• Cranial vault–upper portion of the skull
• Cranial base–inferior portion of the skull
• Cranial cavity–interior of the skull
• Facial skeleton–bones that make up the face
• Acoustic skeleton–ear ossicles
Developmentally, the skull is divided into:
• Viscerocranium–the portion of the skull related to the digestive and respiratory systems
• Neurocranium–the portion of the skull that protects the brain and the 5 organs of special sense
Cranial cavity divisions:
• Anterior cranial fossa–contains the frontal lobe of the brain
• Middle cranial fossa–contains the temporal lobe of the brain
• Posterior cranial fossa–contains the cerebellum
Skull is depicted by observing it from 5 views:
• Norma frontalis–the anterior view
• Norma lateralis–the lateral view
• Norma occipitalis–the posterior view
• Norma basalis–the inferior view
• Norma verticalis–the superior view
ARTICULATIONS
Bones of the Skull
FRONTAL BONE
PARIETAL BONE
OCCIPITAL BONE
TEMPORAL BONE
SPHENOID BONE
LACRIMAL BONE
NASAL BONE
ZYGOMATIC BONE (ZYGOMA)
ETHMOID BONE
VOMER
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