Complications
Fig. 4.1 Large MODB pin-retained amalgam restoration. The loss of original occlusal anatomy landmarks and pulp canal space calcification will make this a more challenging tooth to access for root…
Relationship
Fig. 10.1 Anatomic relationship between pulp and periodontium In case of endodontic lesions, the pathway of inflammation is through the apical foramen, furcation canals, and lateral accessory canals to the…
due to Root Canal Filling Procedures
Fig. 6.1 (a) Micro-computed tomography axial section of a tooth with the root canals filled. The material appears in black color and shows a good filling of the root canals….
Due to Medicaments
Fig. 7.1 NaOCl extrusion (Courtesy of Dr. Daniel OTT) 7.2.2 Probable Aetiological Factors 1. Wide apical foramina 2. If the apical constriction is destroyed probably during root canal instrumentation…
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Medical/Dental history Past/recent treatment, drugs Chief complaint (if any) How long, symptoms, duration of pain, location, onset, stimuli, relief, referred, medications Clinical exam Facial symmetry, sinus tract, soft tissue, periodontal…
of Radiographic Interpretation
Fig. 2.1 Periapical radiographic images obtained by intraoral solid-state sensors, used for diagnosis, odontometry, and follow-up 2.2 Digital Radiography Digital intraoral receptors have several advantages compared to conventional film-based imaging,…
of Local Anaesthesia in Endodontics
Fig. 3.1 Indirect view of palate where 4% articaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline was administered. Sloughing following vasoconstrictor induced ischemia is a more likely reason than the anesthetic per se When…
in Geriatric Patient
Fig. 11.1 (a, b) Male patient, 70 years old, no systemic problem, strong attrition, secondary dentine formation and calcifications in pulp chamber, and vertical dimensional loss. This sort of clinical…
to Reduce the Risk of Reinfection in Endodontics
Poorer prognosis Better prognosis Secondary infection Primary infection Long-standing infection Presence of fistulae No historical or current oral/endodontic communication Lack of coronal seal/insufficient residual tooth structure Sufficient tooth structure…
Complications
Fractured instrument (can it be bypassed?) Yes No (consider the location) Continue biomechanical preparation. Do not attempt to remove the fractured part of the instrument Apical third Middle/coronal third …
of Endodontic Surgery
Fig. 9.1 Gingival recession following intrasulcular incision in the area of maxillary central incisor (PFM crown) Separation of the wound margins may occur within the first week after surgery. This…
in Systemically Compromised Patients
Classification SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg) Normal <120 and <80 Prehypertension 120–139 or 80–89 Stage 1 hypertension 140–159 or 90–99 Stage 2 hypertension ≥160 ≥100 SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic…
