Medicolegal Issues in Breast Reduction
Areas of general risk are discussed with patients before surgery. Procedure-specific risks inherent in each technique are a key part of informed consent. Issues related to insurance coverage must be…
Management of the High-Riding Nipple After Breast Reduction
Postoperative nipple malposition can be an aesthetically devastating problem for patients and a formidable challenge for surgeons. Reduction mammoplasty often includes plans to elevate the nipple-areolar complex (NAC); however, overelevation…
Breast Reduction in the Burned Breast
Mammary hypertrophy can occur in the postburn breast. Patients with burned breasts exhibit the same symptoms of symptomatic macromastia as patients with unburned breasts. The extent of the deformity, the…
Avoiding Complications in Gigantomastia
Gigantomastia is a disabling condition for patients and presents unique challenges to plastic surgeons. Presentation can occur throughout different phases of life, and treatment often begins with nonoperative measures; however,…
Managing Necrosis of the Nipple Areolar Complex Following Reduction Mammaplasty and Mastopexy
The objectives of this article are to explain the mechanisms of injury that result in ischemia of the nipple areolar complex (NAC) after reduction mammaplasty or mastopexy, to offer recommendations…
Management of the Ischemic Nipple–Areola Complex After Breast Reduction
Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of nipple–areolar complex (NAC) ischemia and necrosis are fundamental to the practice of breast surgery. Knowledge of breast anatomy, risk factors, and proper technique…
Management of Asymmetry After Breast Reduction
Breast reduction surgery has achieved one of the highest patient satisfaction rates among plastic surgery procedures. Most of the complications encountered are usually minor and related to wound healing. Revision…
Management of Recurrent or Persistent Macromastia
Recurrent or persistent macromastia can occur after breast reduction. This may be due to inadequate primary volume reduction, poor postoperative shape, and breast or nipple-areola complex asymmetry. Postpartum breast changes,…
The Short Scar Periareolar Inferior Pedicle Reduction Mammaplasty
Breast reduction is one of the most common plastic surgery procedures performed on the breast. There are now numerous alternatives to the standard inverted-T inferior pedicle technique. The short scar…
Managing Complications in Vertical Mammaplasty
In this paper, we describe our experience with the Lejour vertical scar mammaplasty from its description throughout 25 years of practice. Our work aims to focus on reducing vertical scar mammaplasty…
Avoiding the Unfavorable Outcome with Wise Pattern Breast Reduction
Wise pattern breast reduction remains the most popular method of performing moderate- to large-sized breast reductions in the United States. Shape distortion after breast reduction can be a result of…
The Management of Breast Cancer Detected by Reduction Mammaplasty
The incidence of occult breast cancer detected by reduction mammoplasty is 0.06% to 5.45%. Preoperative screening mammography is indicated in all women 40 years and older and in women age 35…
Reduction Mammaplasty and Breast Cancer Screening
Breast reduction surgery is one of the most popular procedures performed by plastic surgeons; based on the current literature, it is safe and does not have a negative impact on…
Assessing Risk and Avoiding Complications in Breast Reduction
Assessing risk and avoiding complications in breast reduction requires a meticulous history, systematic physical examination, management of expectations, and careful consideration and execution of operative technique. Attention should be paid…
Complications in Plastic Surgery
Dennis C. Hammond, MD, Editor Breast reduction is one of the most commonly performed procedures in plastic surgery, and many different techniques have been described to accomplish this task. However,…
