Objectives . Assess patterns of clinical change observed from USPHS direct evaluation categories for pooled results of 10 clinical trials for Class I and II posterior composite restorations monitored up to 10 years.
Materials and methods . Six categories of USPHS evaluations (color [CL], surface texture [ST], wear [WR], marginal adaptation [MA], marginal staining [MS], caries [CR]) were evaluated (alfa [A, ideal], bravo [B, clinically acceptable], charlie [C, clinically unacceptable] by direct observation using the same 4-person highly calibrated team for 3 year, 5 year, and 10 year recalls. Ten separate studies with different materials, bonding systems, and curing regimens (M = trials for Estilux, NuvaFil, NuvaFil PA, UvioFil, P10, NU76 Exp, Occlusin, FulFil, X55 Exp, H120 Exp, Surefil) spanning about 25 years were pooled ( n = 881 total patients). Patterns were assessed from counts of A-to-B and/or B-to-C changes involving 1, 2, or 3-or-more USPHS categories per patient per recall. For 3-or-more categories (rare), changes were treated as sets of 2-category changes. Groups (within rows, see superscripts) were compared by ANOVA with Bonferonni post hoc tests ( p ≤ 0.05).
Results . Key results for distribution and patterns of changes are bolded below.
| Pooled patients | Distribution of USPHS changes (%, Mean ± sd) | Patterns of changes (%, mean ± sd) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | M | Pts ( n ) | Surface cluster | Margin cluster | 1-cat. | 2-cat. | 3-cat. | ||||
| CL | ST | WR | MA | MS | CR | ||||||
| 3 | 9 | 421 | 17 ± 15 | 33 ± 42 | 34 ± 24 | 2 ± 4 | 7 ± 11 | 2 ± 3 | 66 ± 12 a | 27 ± 10 b | 7 ± 6 c |
| 5 | 9 | 333 | 16 ± 11 | 22 ± 30 | 48 ± 19 | 4 ± 5 | 7 ± 8 | 1 ± 3 | 55 ± 19 a | 36 ± 15 b | 9 ± 8 c |
| 10 | 8 | 127 | 7 ± 12 | 3 ± 7 | 63 ± 29 | 5 ± 7 | 6 ± 7 | 1 ± 2 | 65 ± 29 a | 18 ± 18 b | 6 ± 12 c |
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