Cleaning and Shaping
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student will be able to: 1. State reasons and describe strategies for enlarging the cervical portion of the canal to promote straight-line access….
Obturation and Temporization
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Explain the objectives of root canal obturation. 2. Explain the rationale for single-visit versus multi-visit endodontic treatment…
Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Describe the main factors involved in the survival of root-filled teeth. 2. Summarize factors contributing to loss…
Management of the Vital Pulp and of Immature Teeth
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Understand the special physiologic and structural characteristics of the dentin-pulp complex and how they affect the pulpal…
Bleaching Discolored Nonvital Teeth
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Identify the causes and nature of tooth discoloration. 2. Describe means of preventing tooth discolorations. 3. Differentiate…
Endodontic Emergencies and Therapeutics
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Identify causes of emergencies as they occur before treatment, between appointments, and after obturation, differentiating urgency from…
Root Canal Anatomy
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Recognize errors that may cause difficulties or failures in root canal treatment owing to lack of knowledge…
Endodontic Armamentarium
Learning Objectives At the end of this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Define the basic set of armamentarium appropriate for diagnosis, emergency treatment, canal preparation, obturation, and…
Local Anesthesia
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Explain why apprehension and anxiety, fatigue, and tissue inflammation create difficulties in obtaining profound anesthesia. 2. Define…
Endodontic Case Complexity and Working with the Specialist
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Evaluate the multiple factors that determine case difficulty and potential need for referral. 2. Identify the indications…
