Local Anesthesia
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Explain why apprehension and anxiety, fatigue, and tissue inflammation create difficulties in obtaining profound anesthesia. 2. Define…
Endodontic Emergencies and Therapeutics
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Identify causes of emergencies as they occur before treatment, between appointments, and after obturation, differentiating urgency from…
Endodontic Case Complexity and Working with the Specialist
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Evaluate the multiple factors that determine case difficulty and potential need for referral. 2. Identify the indications…
Endodontic Radiology
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Differentiate between stochastic and deterministic dental x-radiation biorisks and recognize which poses the greatest endodontic patient risk….
Differential Diagnosis of Pains and Radiolucencies of Nonpulpal Origin
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Identify the personal and societal effect that orofacial pain conditions can have. 2. Understand the classification systems…
Pathogenesis of Pulp and Periapical Diseases
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Describe the histology and physiology of the normal dental pulp. 2. Identify etiologic factors causing pulp inflammation….
Systemic Health Considerations in the Endodontic Patient and Geriatric Endodontics
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Recognize the various ways in which endodontic pathosis and systemic disease interact and some of the mechanisms…
