Pocket Dentistry

Fig. 15.1 (a) Nonretracted frontal view of patient’s anterior teeth. (b) Retracted view showing enamel fluorosis in all teeth. (c) Close-up view of maxillary incisors. (d) Lateral close-up view of…

Fig. 6.1 Retracted view of a 28-year-old patient who bleached his maxillary teeth with 10 % carbamide peroxide gel (Opalescence 10 %, Ultradent Products, Inc.) in a custom-fitted tray overnight for 3…

Fig. 13.1 Preoperative view of the patient’s maxillary anterior teeth. An A2 Vita Classical A1-D4 shade tab (VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG) is shown as reference Fig….

Fig. 14.1 (a) Preoperative view of the patient’s smile. (b) Preoperative view of the patient’s maxillary anterior teeth. Note the reduced length of the anterior teeth Fig. 14.2 Aspect of…

Fig. 11.1 Preoperative view of patient’s smile showing severe discoloration of the maxillary right canine (tooth #6, FDI 1.3) and generalized discoloration of the remaining dentition (A3, Vita Classical shade…

Fig. 7.1 The effect of rubber dam on lightness can be observed in these three photographs. (a) Patient’s smile before rubber dam isolation. (b) The rubber dam was placed in…

Fig. 4.1 Traditional tray showing (a) the evident possibility of direct contact of the bleaching gel (arrow) with soft tissue and (b) the scalloped tray, 0.5 mm short of the…

Fig. 8.1 Causes of intrinsic stains 8.2.1 Systemic Causes of Posteruptive Intrinsic Stains The developing dentition can be affected by a number of systemic factors, including metabolic and genetic diseases…

Date Name Material used Discoloration 1799 Macintosh (Dwinelle 1850) Invented chloride of lime (called bleaching powder)   1848 Dwinelle (1850) Chloride of lime Nonvital teeth 1860 Truman (1889) Chloride and…

Fig. 12.1 (a, b) Pre-operative view of the discolored maxillary central incisors displaying brown stains caused by fluorosis The patient agreed with the treatment plan. After preliminary impressions and fabrication…

Fig. 5.1 Patient subjected to a professional in-office tooth bleaching therapy, which can be esthetically regarded as a success. However, the patient reported postbleaching sensitivity in the anterior teeth (Images…

Fig. 10.1 Schematic illustration of the origin of the whitish opaque appearance of initial caries and developmental defects. (a) Sound enamel is relatively translucent for visible light. Light beams (arrows)…

This type of cleavage is favored by light and heat and forms free radicals. Heterolytic cleavage, which is a deprotonation reaction leaving an electron pair: This deprotonation occurs at increased…