Relation of Benefits and Harms
Ethical problems in dentistry, like ethical problems in general, can sometimes be approached by looking at which general principles are at stake. Two of the most obvious are that actions…
The Edentulous Mandible
The edentulous mandible is the safest and most convenient site for implant treatment. It is characterized by a thick, hard layer of cortical bone, which provides good primary stability for…
The Anterior Maxilla
Esthetics play an important role in any prosthodontic treatment. However, it is at its most significant when it involves the teeth of the anterior maxilla. If the best possible final…
The Posterior Mandible
The posterior mandible requires exceptionally careful, reproducible preoperative investigation, for both medical and forensic reasons. The inferior alveolar nerve in particular is at risk from implant placement in the posterior…
The Anterior Mandible
The anterior mandible represents the most comfortable operating area for the implantologist. The main contributing factors for this include: good access and a good view of the operation site; a…
Nonsurgical Retreatment Utilizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Fig. 5.1 (a, b) Preoperative radiographs reveal dystrophic obliteration of the canal spaces in tooth #5. Access and instrumentation was performed on #4, but only the buccal canal in #5…
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Internal Tooth Anatomy
Fig. 4.1 Periapical radiograph of a right mandibular second molar with associated apical pathosis (a) and the post-endodontic periapical radiograph with obturation material demonstrating the complex nature of the root…
Surgical Treatment Utilizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Fig. 6.1 Periapical radiographs of tooth #14, mesial and distal angles, respectively (a, b). Coronal view of the mesiobuccal root showing a missed mesiobuccal canal and periapical pathology not detected…
Utilization of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontic Diagnosis
Fig. 2.1 A 49-year-old male was referred for evaluation of tooth number 3 prior to fabrication of a new crown. The root canal treatment was completed approximately 15 years ago…
Principles of Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Fig. 1.1 Schematic representations of the approximate anatomical coverage provided by different fields of view of a CBCT unit. (a) Small FOV, (b) medium FOV, and (c) large FOV In…
The Impact of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Nonsurgical and Surgical Treatment Planning
Fig. 3.1 Percentage of treatment plans changed by each of the three examiners after reviewing the CBCT 3.2 Implications for Clinical Practice Under the conditions of the previous study [24],…
The Use of CBCT in the Diagnosis and Management of Root Resorption
Fig. 7.1 Periapical radiographs can be suboptimal in representing complex anatomy compared with CBCT. A 71-year-old male presented with discomfort in the maxillary right quadrant. (a) Periapical radiograph shows an…
The Pulp Reaction Beneath the Carious Lesion
Fig. 11.1 Odontoblasts and Hoehl’s cells are located at the periphery of the pulp Fig. 11.2 Immunohistochemical visualization of alpha acetyl tubulin, a component of microtubules, in H8 (a) and…
Cervical Sclerotic Dentin: Resin Bonding
Fig. 10.1 (a) SEM micrograph of sclerotic dentin lesion showing a dentinal tubule that was heavily occluded with large cubic whitlockite crystallites (pointers) (Modified from Tay and Pashley (2004a)) (b)…
Superficial and Deep Carious Lesions
Fig. 9.1 (a) An X-ray figure showing proximal cavities in premolars. (b) An old silver amalgam restoration and fissures. (c) Occlusal restoration with caries-infiltrated fissures Fig. 9.2 After acid or…
The Early Enamel Carious Lesion
Fig. 4.1 Schematic drawing of the initial carious lesion including a surface zone, the subsurface lesion (or body of the lesion), the condensation zones (dark zone and translucent zone), and…
Enamel Etching
Fig. 3.1 (a) Crystallite of a mouse incisor. Alignments of hydroxyapatite monocrystals form a lattice, with – 5 Å–6.8 Å spacing. (b) Axial dissolution of a crystallite. (c) The acidic…
Ultrastructure of the Enamel-Cementum Junction
Fig. 12.1 Schematic transition between procollagen chains, nucleated under the influence of the C-propeptide. The procollagen trimer is transformed into collagen, a process followed by collagen fibrillation (Linsennnmayer 1981) 12.2…
From the Initial Carious Lesion of Enamel to the Early Development of Coronal Dentin Carious Lesion
Dentin composition Apatite crystals (mineral) Organic matrix (type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins) Water (free and bound) 50 % 30 % 20 % 7.1.2 Extracellular Organic Matrix The intertubular dentin matrix is…
