Medically Complex Dental Implant Patients
Advances in dental implant therapy have created choices to enhance the expectations of dental practitioners and their patients with respect to oral rehabilitation at any age after childhood and regardless…
Innovations in Geriatric Oral Health Care
Older adults are retaining their teeth and need strategies for a lifetime of oral health care. Daily prevention and professional preventive care have the most significant impacts on reducing oral…
Interdisciplinary Education and Health Care in Geriatric Dental Medicine
Geriatric patients are more likely to have multiple medical comorbidities, physical limitations, and mental impairments that warrant careful consideration while providing patient care. Dentistry, along with other health care professional…
Consideration in Planning Dental Treatment of Older Adults
When caring for the oral health of frail and functionally dependent older adults, it is important to understand their general health and oral health problems to make a diagnosis. There…
Oral Implications of Polypharmacy in Older Adults
Over the next several decades, rates of aged populations will increase rapidly. These populations are susceptible to multimorbidities and polypharmacy (concurrently, prescribed 5 or more medications). Many medications have side…
Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults and Oral Health Considerations
Current research aims at improving early detection and treatment of cognitive impairment (CI), particularly in patients at high risk for progression to dementia. It is important to treat signs and…
Geriatric Phenotypes and Their Impact on Oral Health
Older adults have multiple morbidities that can impact oral, systemic, and psychological health. Although each disorder requires consideration from the provider before treatment, by assessing the common phenotypic presentations of…
Physiology of Aging of Older Adults
Most oral health care providers encounter older adults in their practices and can play a critical role in supporting independence and quality of life for this aging cohort. Physiologic and…
Oral Health Disparities and Inequities in Older Adults
The number of individuals 65 and older living in the United States is increasing substantially and becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. This shift will affect the demographics of the…
Demographics and Oral Health Care Utilization for Older Adults
The population of older adults is projected to increase dramatically as Baby Boomers continue to reach age 65 into 2029. This article discusses key shifts in this demographic, including changes…
Evidence-Based Decision Making in Orbital Fractures
Key points • An evidence-based clinical protocol for orbital fractures will facilitate in the decision making of which type of treatment is most beneficial. • Limited enophthalmos and diplopia without…
Secondary Corrections of the Orbit
Key points • Late and secondary orbital reconstructions are more demanding than primary reconstructions due to altered anatomic landmarks and late soft tissue changes—so the ultimate objective should be an…
Advanced Concepts of Orbital Reconstruction
Key points • The use of a cadaver model allows assessment of the effect of individual steps of computer-assisted surgery on orbital implant positioning. • The accuracy and consistency of…
Secondary Correction of Midface Fractures
Key points • The goal of secondary reconstruction of the midface is to restore harmony with a primary focus of restoration of form and function. • An organized assessment of…
Advanced Diagnostics and Three-dimensional Virtual Surgical Planning in Orbital Reconstruction
Key points • The first step in advanced diagnostics and virtual surgical planning is the generation of a virtual patient model. • Information can be added to the virtual patient…
Intraoperative Feedback and Quality Control in Orbital Reconstruction
Key points • The development and implementation of medical technology in orbital reconstructive surgery is a logical consequence of the philosophy to optimize the treatment procedure before, during, and after…
Primary Orbital Fracture Repair
Key points • Predictable outcomes of complex orbital fracture patterns may be achieved by a structured and evidence-based approach. • Full anatomic and physiologic assessment of the fracture pattern using…
Ongoing Debate in Clinical Decision Making in Orbital Fractures
Key points • Trapdoor fracture in children, globe dislocation or trapdoor fracture with a nonresolving oculocardiac reflex, bradycardia, heart block, nausea, vomiting, or syncope are indications for immediate surgery. •…
Orthoptic Evaluation and Treatment in Orbital Fractures
Key points • Be aware of a combination of mechanical, neurogenic, and sensory causes of diplopia. • Check for factors influencing the absence of diplopia, such as trauma-related visual problems,…
Anatomy of the Orbits
Key points • The skeletal framework around the anterior aperture of each orbit and the 4 walls of the orbital cavity can be conceived as a pyramid with a quadrangular…
