Appendix B Tooth Traits of the Permanent Dentition
Appendix B includes tables listing important traits and characteristics of the teeth in the permanent dentition. The tables can be used in conjunction with the illustrations in Appendix A to note differences and similarities in tooth morphology. Tooth notation systems, dimensions, position of proximal contacts, heights of contour, curvature of the cementoenamel junction, and features of various profile, incisal, and occlusal views are summarized to facilitate the study of dental anatomy.
Table 1 Maxillary Incisors: Type Traits and Other Characteristics
| Central Incisor | Lateral Incisor | |
|---|---|---|
| Facial/Labial Aspect | Fig. 6-9 | Fig. 6-19 |
| Proximal contacts | Cervico-incisal location | — |
| Mesial | Incisal third | Junction incisal/middle thirds |
| Distal | Junction incisal/middle thirds | Middle third |
| Mesioincisal angle | Sharp right angle | Slightly rounded |
| Distoincisal angle | Slightly rounded | Distinctly rounded |
| Mesial profile | Straight | Slightly rounded |
| Distal profile | Nearly round | Distinctly rounded |
| Mesiodistal width | Comparatively wide | Comparatively narrow |
| Pulp horn(s) | 3 (facial view) | Usually 2 (facial view) |
| Lobes | 4 (Fig. 4-12, A) | 4 |
| Lingual Aspect | Fig. 6-3 | Fig. 6-14 |
| Marginal ridges | Moderate | More prominent |
| Cingulum | Moderately pronounced | More prominent |
| Fossa | Moderately deep | Deep |
| Incisal Aspect | Fig. 6-11 | Fig. 6-18 |
| Outline | Triangular | Ovoid |
| Labial | Slightly convex | More convex |
| Dimensions | Table 6-1 | Table 6-2 |
| Crown length (cervico-incisal) | 10.5 mm | 9 mm |
| Crown diameter | ||
| Mesiodistal | 8.5 mm | 6.5 mm |
| Cervical | 7.0 mm | 5.0 mm |
| Labiolingual | 7.0 mm | 6.0 mm |
| Contour height | 0.5 mm; Fig. 6-4Fig. 6-5 | 0.5 mm; Fig. 6-13 |
| Facial/lingual | Both cervical third | Both cervical third |
| Curvature at CEJ | Table 6-1 | Table 6-2 |
| Mesial | 3.5 mm | 3.0 mm |
| Distal | 2.5 mm | 2.0 mm |
| Root | Fig. 6-3Fig. 6-5Fig. 6-9Fig. 6-10 | Figs. 6-13Fig. 6-19Fig. 6-20 |
| Length | 13.0 mm | 13.0 mm |
| Pulp canal(s) | 1 | Less frequent apical accessory canals |
| Chronology | Table 2-3Table 6-1 | Table 2-3Table 6-2 |
| Eruption | 7–8 yr | 8–9 yr |
| Root completed | 10 yr | 11 yr |
| Tooth Notations | Chapter 1 | Chapter 1 |
| Universal | Right: 8; left: 9 | Right: 7; left: 10 |
| International (FDI) | Right: 11; left: 21 | Right: 12; left: 22 |
| Palmer | Right/left:   |
Right/left:   |
Table 2 Mandibular Incisors: Type Traits and Other Characteristics
| Central Incisor | Lateral Incisor | |
|---|---|---|
| Facial/Labial Aspect | Fig. 7-2Fig. 7-9 | Fig. 7-13Fig. 7-19 |
| Symmetry | Symmetrical bilaterally | Asymmetrical |
| Proximal contacts | Fig. 5-8, A | Fig. 5-8, B |
| Mesial | Incisal third | Incisal third |
| Distal | Incisal third | Incisal third |
| Mesioincisal angles | Sharp right angles | Some rounding |
| Distoincisal angles | Sharp right angles | More rounded than mesioincisal angle |
| Curvature at CEJ | Fig. 5-27, Table 7-1 | Table 7-2 |
| Mesial | 3.0 mm | 3.0 mm |
| Distal | 2.0 mm | 2.0 mm |
| Incisal Aspect | Fig. 7-11 | Fig. 7-18 |
| Incisal edge (ridge) | Right angle to line bisecting cingulum | Distolingual twist to line bisecting cingulum |
| Pulp horn(s) | 1 or 0 | Variable; more prominent |
| Lobes | 4 | 4 |
| Dimensions | Table 7-1 | Table 7-2 |
| Crown length (cervico-incisal) | 9.0 mm | 9.5 mm |
| Crown diameter | ||
| Mesiodistal | 5 mm | 5.5 mm |
| Cervical | 3.5 mm | 4.0 mm |
| Labiolingual | 6.0 mm | 6.5 mm |
| Contour height | Less than 0.5 mm; Fig. 7-7 | Less than 0.5 mm |
| Facial/lingual | Both cervical third | Both cervical third |
| Root | ||
| Dimensions | Table 7-1 |
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