Objective: In this prospective comparative study, we looked at the postoperative dental and skeletal relapses in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for skeletal class III deformity. The surgical interventions were single-jaw versus double-jaw procedures.

Study design: Twenty-four adult patients with skeletal class III deformity presented with functional and aesthetic problems. Patients were randomized to receive single or double-jaw corrective surgery. The assessment of outcome was by lateral cephalograms taken at different intervals and postoperative complications.

Results: At one year postoperatively, no significant correlation was identified between surgical advancement and relapse concerning maxillary stability. The single-jaw procedure cohort had a significantly greater horizontal mandibular skeletal relapse. No differences were noted when examining the mandibular vertical stability. None of the patients reported any acute local neurology.

Conclusion: Single-jaw procedure may lead to less stability leading to skeletal relapse than double-jaw procedure. A higher evidence-based study and larger cohort is required to prove this.