How orthognathic surgery affects TMJ symptoms and dysfunction is controversial. Some authors state that orthognathic surgery alone helps to decrease TMJ symptoms, while others consider that this procedure can cause deleterious effects and worsen dysfunction and pain. Therefore, an alternative procedure for those patients is to perform TMJ surgery concomitant with orthognathic surgery. The aim of this work is to evaluate the relationship between these two techniques and TMJ symptoms. Six records of patients who underwent only orthognathic surgery or orthognathic surgery concomitant with TMJ surgery were select for the study. Signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction, including pain, headache, and presence/absence of TMJ sounds, were subjectively (visual analog scales) and objectively evaluated at pre-surgery and post-surgery. The results showed no difference between the two groups for facial pain, headache, TMJ pain, TMJ function and maximal opening. The small numbers of records analyzed does not permit statistical analysis yet, but this pilot study indicates no differences between orthognathic surgery alone or associated to TMJ surgery in the parameters analyzed. A higher number of records and the analysis of other parameters as condyle morphology and long term stability will provide more information in future.