A 25-year-old male referred to our clinic because of spacing between his maxillary central incisors and he was unhappy with his smile. The clinical examination revealed maxillary midline diastema (approximately 2-mm width) with excellent oral hygiene and incisal wear on his mandibular incisors (Fig. 14.26a–c). Occlusal examination also revealed no pathology or interferences that would contraindicate diastema closure with direct resin composite between maxillary central incisors. After discussing the treatment options with the patient, he decided to have resin composite restorations for the closure of midline diastema. Before starting the diastema closure with direct resin composite buildup, patient lips and cheeks were retracted and the operation field was isolated with retraction cords (Fig. 14.27). After placement of retraction cords, shade selection of the teeth was made using shade guide (Fig. 14.28) that was provided by the manufacturer. In this case, no enamel roughening procedure was used, and uncut mesial enamel surfaces were acid-etched (Fig. 14.29) for 30 s with 32 % phosphoric acid gel (Uni-etch, Bisco Inc.), rinsed for 20 s, and air-dried. A multimode adhesive bonding agent (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE) was applied to the acid-etched surfaces (Fig. 14.30), gently air-dried, and light-cured for 10 s. Then, first proximal layer of resin composite in A2 enamel shade (Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Kuraray) was placed on tooth #11 and light-cured (Fig. 14.31). Thereafter, dentin replacement layer in A2 dentin shade and final enamel composite layer were placed and each layer light-cured. During this step, resin composite material was carefully manipulated and shaped using a brush (Fig. 14.32). The same procedure was also followed on tooth #21 and restorations were finished. After completion of the restorations, retraction cords were removed and each restoration was then light-cured for 40 s from facial and palatinal directions. During placement of the resin composite, care was taken to create the desired anatomical proximal contacts especially in the gingival region (Fig. 14.33). Finishing and polishing of the restorations were primarily done with a fine diamond bur (Fig. 14.34a) and then with sequentially used polishing discs and progressively finer-grit finishing strips (Fig. 14.34b) (Super-Snap, Shofu). Figure 14.35 shows the postoperative appearance of the diastema closure with direct resin composite buildup. Patient was happy with the final outcome.