The purpose of this study was to describe the condylar form, evaluate and compare condylar dimensions together with the Joint space of both TMJs in patients with Active Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia (UCH) undergoing condylectomy as the single surgical treatment.

A retrospective study was conducted of patients with Active UCH who underwent condylectomy as the single surgical treatment.

The aim of this evaluation, based on Cone Beam CT images was: (1) describe morphology of condylar remainder and its contralateral. (2) Compare dimensions of both condylar heads in its latero-medial and anterior–posterior axis. (3) Measure joint space in the coronal and the sagital planes. The post-treatment follow-up until Cone Beam examination was 51-month average.

Predominant condylar forms in operated condyles were rounded and concave shapes, similarly to healthy contralaterals. Between the operated and healthy condyles no statistically significant differences were found in the latero-medial sizes ( p = 0.061). A significant difference in the antero-posterior condylar distance was found ( p = 0.008), Joint spaces in the coronal plane had no significant difference. Finally, significant differences were found in the vertical posterior ( p = 0.011) and horizontal ( p = 0.043) spaces.

Most frequent shapes at operated condyles were concave and rounded. Condylectomy as the unique surgical treatment enable Condylar remodeling observable 1.5 years after surgery. Reshaping the condylar processes and also maintaining the latero-medial size, comparable to the contralateral condyle. In addition, joint spaces at the coronal plane results similar when comparing healthy TMJs with those that have been operated on.

Conflict of interest: None declared.