The five restorative and reconstructive options to treat a dentition with anterior gaps may be summarized as follows, as single or combined measures, and with or without a preceding orthodontic treatment phase:

1. Gap closure and substitution of missing teeth: restorative transformation of substituted teeth into homologous teeth with odontoplasty, direct composite, etched pieces or porcelain veneers.

2. Gap opening and tooth replacement with all-ceramic adhesive bridges, full-crown bridges including pontic site development, and implants.

3. Gap distribution and restorative compensation with direct composite restorations, etched pieces or porcelain veneers.

4. Gap shifting and restorative compensation with all-ceramic adhesive bridges, composite, etched pieces or veneers, or full-crown bridges, or implants.

5. Gap compensation by reconstructive compensation without orthodontics.

As reconstructive tools to be used for the aforementioned options, the means outlined in the following sub-sections should be considered.

Adhesive form corrections

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