Introduction: Nowadays different manufacturers of bone graft materials are known. Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (HAP/TCP) biphasic bone graft materials are the most promoting due to particular biodegradation. Literature data of tissue and cell responses to the biomaterials, treated at different temperatures are various and sometimes controversial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate cell response in vitro and bone and soft tissue response in vivo to the biphasic bone substitutes, sintered at different temperatures.

Material and methods: Calcium phosphate powder used for bone grafts preparation was synthesized by wet precipitation reaction between calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. The dried precipitate was milled. The green bodies – granules in size range from 0.5 to 1 mm and pellets were formed and sintered at different temperatures to obtain biphasic HAP/TCP ceramics. Cytotoxicity and proliferation tests were performed in vitro using osteoblast cell line (MG63-GFP). Intraosal implantation of bioceramic granules in rabbit jaw was performed. Three months after the implantation, bone and soft tissue with biomaterial was obtained. Detection of growth factors, tissue degradation enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines were performed.

Results: The microstructure of the samples obtained at lower sintering temperatures was less dense and exhibited higher amount of microporosity. In vitro results showed the increased osteoblast proliferation on samples sintered at lower temperatures. Results in vivo demonstrated decreased proinflammatory cytokines expression, higher expression of bone morphogenic protein BMP 2/4 and less cell apoptosis for bioceramics sintered at lower temperature.

Conclusion: The bioceramics sintered at lower temperatures showed higher biocompatibility and better regeneration properties.

Conflict of interest: None declared.