The purpose of this chapter is to explain how the brain works, what happens when things go wrong, and how to optimize brain function. The chapter describes briefly the five brain systems that are most intimately involved with our behavior and make up much of what is uniquely human, as follows:

It is important to note that the brain systems are interconnected. When one system is affected, others are likely to be affected as well. Also, some brain researchers would separate the brain systems differently. For example, placing the cingulate system and deep temporal lobes within the limbic system. It is also interesting to note that many behavioral disorders formerly considered psychological actually have a biological basis documented with functional brain imaging [199].

Because the prefrontal cortex seeks stimulation for attention and awareness (arousal) many people unconsciously seek conflict as a way to stimulate their own prefrontal cortex. Without knowing (unconsciously) they try to upset you. They try to get you yell. They try to make you angry. It is important to have a calm demeanor in order to have a healthy prefrontal cortex function. Such people should do whatever they can not to yell or become emotionally intense. When they feel as if they are going to blow, they should take a deep breath or a break until they can get themselves under control. Those in whom the prefrontal cortex is not working hard enough, do not have access to good internal supervision, and they may say or do things impulsively. Thus, we should always think positive, and have healthy thoughts. Often people with prefrontal cortex problems have low self esteem and need encouragement and positive input from those they love. Disorganization is often a hallmark of prefrontal cortex dysfunction. Rather than complain about the disorganization, it is generally much more effective to help your partner become more organized [199].