9. Written Communications

Written Communications

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Define glossary terms

• Describe the various types of written communication in a dental office.

• Select stationery supplies.

• Identify the characteristics of effective correspondence.

• Identify the parts of a letter.

• Review rules of punctuation and capitalization.

• Describe the basic steps for preparing written communication.

• Apply various formatting styles to written communication.

• Describe standard procedures for preparing outgoing mail.

• Observe ethical and legal obligations in written communication.

• Explain the use of e-mail in the dental office.

• Apply common business etiquette to the use of e-mail.

• Identify the classifications of mail.

• Identify special mail services.

• Explain the function of a postage meter.

• Discuss the process for packaging laboratory cases.

• Explain the procedure for sorting incoming mail.

Today one may ask if written communication is as important in the dental office as it has been in the past. The answer is a resounding yes. Because e-mail is such a widely used vehicle for communicating today, the administrative assistant will probably write more than in the past. Many professionals find themselves writing more than telephoning their colleagues.

Written communication in all of its forms remains extremely important. In addition to e-mail, the administrative assistant will use instant messaging via the Internet and write memorandums, letters, and reports. Effective written correspondence promotes good will for the office, whereas ineffectively written correspondence can cost the dental office greatly in unhappy patients and good will. The cost can include, but not limited to, loss of patients, profit, patient satisfaction, and good will.

Good business and professional writing should sound like a person talking to another person. Using an easy-to-read style makes the reader respond more positively to stated ideas. Make writing easier to read in two ways. First, make individual sentences and paragraphs easy to read so the reader can easily skim the first paragraph or read the entire document in as short a time as possible. Second, make the document visually pleasant and structure signposts that lead the reader through the document.

Good business and professional writing is closer to a conversation and less formal than the style of writing that has traditionally earned high marks on college essays and term papers. However, many dental professionals also use professional papers that are easy to read and use good visual impact.

Most people have several styles of talking, which they vary instinctively, depending on the audience. So it will be with writing in the dental office. A letter to a dentist regarding a professional technique or a letter to a dental supplier demanding better service may be formal, whereas an e-mail to a colleague will be informal and perhaps even chatty.

Chapter 7 examined the various types of documents generated in the dental office. Now it is time to review the importance of other types of written communication in a dental practice, specifically the use of letters, forms, and newsletters. These documents are all created by the administrative assistant for a variety of reasons. This chapter discusses the creation and production of written communication, how it is distributed, and how incoming written communication is processed, both in the manual and electronic form.

LETTERS

A variety of written documents are generated in the dental office, but none are as important as the letters that seek to enhance public relations with patients and professional colleagues. These letters should be original and create a professional image. Most important, these letters should be one that the administrative assistant is proud to mail from the office.

With the use of word processing in the dental office, the dreaded task of creating an original letter each time one is needed is eliminated. Today’s administrative assistant can have a supply of sample letters stored as templates in an electronic file. When necessary, the assistant can transform the sample into an original letter that is professional and can be personalized within minutes.

The types of written communication most commonly sent from a dental office include thank you notes for referral of patients, letters of appreciation, birthday or holiday greetings, congratulatory letters, sympathy messages, patient transfer letters or letters of consultation, recall notices, collection letters, order letters, and newsletters.

Thank You for Referral Letter

The dentist should be appreciative of the confidence expressed by a patient who refers a new patient to the office and should acknowledge such a referral with a personally signed letter. Although this letter should mention the name of the referred patient, it should never divulge any confidential information about the treatment. However, if this letter is to be sent to a physician or another dentist, a reference statement may be made about the patient’s diagnosis and/or prognosis, if this was discussed with the patient and the patient has signed the appropriate disclosure forms. Several examples of this type of thank you letter are shown in Figure 9-1. Note that the differences in content vary according to the situation.

Letter of Appreciation to a Cooperative Patient

A cooperative patient is often overlooked and taken for granted. Often one thinks only of the patient who creates frustration. A dentist should acknowledge a patient who is prompt for appointments, maintains a regular payment plan, and cooperates with prescribed home care plans. This is an opportunity to give sincere compliments. When the opportunity presents itself, try writing a letter as in Figure 9-2 on p. 155 and see how appreciative the patients are. A letter of appreciation should be sincere, state the purpose briefly, and be written as though conversing with the patient in person.

Birthday Letter and Holiday Greetings

Patients, especially children and older adults, like to be recognized on their birthdays. These letters should be cheerful and friendly. Figure 9-3 on p. 156 shows a letter that could be sent to an older adult on a special birthday. Another method of handling this form of public relations is to send a birthday card. Many professional stationers provide appropriate greeting cards for all occasions and dental specialties (see Figure 9-4 on p. 156).

Congratulatory Letter

Through conversations with patients and via the daily newspaper, the administrative assistant may learn the outstanding achievements of patients. Such accomplishments should not go unnoticed by the dental office staff. A letter sent to congratulate a patient must be sent promptly. Include how the event was learned of and include a sincere expression of congratulations (see Figure 9-5 on p. 157). Congratulations can also be sent for the birth of a child, a wedding, or a graduation. A greeting card or brief letter is appropriate.

Referral for Consultation or Treatment

During the treatment of a patient, it is often necessary to call upon the services of a specialist. A series of letters may be sent between the two dental offices concerning the patient’s treatment. A good example of such an experience is the transfer of a patient to an orthodontist for treatment (see Figure 9-6 on p. 158). Figure 9-7 on p. 159–161 shows examples of several forms of communication that might be used during a patient’s treatment. Note that the specialist’s office has used a basic format that provides information about the patient’s treatment. This letter can be stored electronically, or a pre-prepared form can be used in a specialty office, such as an orthodontics office, because there is a large patient volume and a similarity of basic treatment. Regardless of the type of form used, note that in each case the patient’s name is referenced, the message is brief, and each tooth or condition is diagrammed or written out completely to avoid error in interpretation.

Sympathy Message

Many people find it difficult to express sympathy in a letter. Therefore one of the best ways to handle this difficult situation is to send a sympathy card. It is the unexpected message that often means a great deal to family members in their time of grief.

Miscellaneous Letters

Many letters are not public relations letters and are not included in this chapter. Specific examples of recall, broken appointment, and collection letters are discussed in the chapters that specifically address each of these topics.

SELECTING STATIONERY SUPPLIES

If the administrative assistant begins working in an established dental practice, the stationery supplies will already be available. However, he or she may have to choose business supplies if asked to order them. Many of these supplies are listed in Chapter 6.

The office stationery (letterhead) is usually selected on the basis of simplicity, neatness, and quality. Bond paper, because of its quality, is often used. It can be made from all-cotton fiber (sometimes called rag), all-sulfite (a wood pulp), or any proportion of the two. High-cotton fiber bond indicates quality and prestige, and it ages without deterioration or chemical breakdown.

The following information may be used as a guide for future stationery needs:

• A color theme for stationery items, such as letterheads, envelopes, appointment cards, prescription pads, medicine envelopes, and notepads, may be used. Color coordinates such as light and dark brown or blue, or contrasting tones of gray with black print are attractive combinations. Most dental stationery supply or chain office supply houses have samples of stationery stock and logo designs from which to select.

• A popular alternative to purchasing stationery is to create the letterhead using appropriate computer software. A fine bond paper can be purchased. When a new letter is to be keyboarded, the letterhead is removed from the file where it is stored, the letter is prepared, and then it is printed on bond paper. This becomes less expensive and allows for more frequent changes and creativity. Clip art is available that makes it easy to create a professional letterhead that provides the office staff many options. Labels with the same clip art and office information can also be created in this manner. It is important that the labels selected are compatible with the office printer.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE LETTER

Effective letters that generate good public relations have certain common elements. Keep in mind that direct, simple writing is easier to read. The best word depends on context: the situation, the purpose, the audience, and the words used. Following are some general guidelines:

• Use words that are accurate, appropriate, and familiar. Accurate words mean what is wanted to say. Appropriate words convey the attitudes wanted to create and fit well with the other words in the document. Familiar words are easy to read and understand.

• Use technical terminology sparingly. The exception to this rule is if the administrative assistant is communicating with another professional and needs to describe a condition or treatment in technical terms. However, when communicating with patients or laypersons, it is wise to use a “plain English” equivalent instead of a technical term.

• Use active verbs most of the time. This is common in writing for a job application or referring a patient to a specialist. If the verb describes something that the subject is doing, the verb is active. If the verb describes something that is being done to the grammatical subject, the verb is passive.
Active: I recommend that the patient’s third molar be removed.
Passive: It was recommended by me for the patient to have the third molar removed.
Active: I can expose digital radiographs.
Passive: Digital radiography is something I could do.

• Tighten the writing. Eliminate words that say nothing. Combine sentences to eliminate unnecessary words. Put the meaning of the sentence into the subject and verb. Cut words if the idea is already clear from other words in the sentence. Substitute single words for wordy phrases.
Wordy: Keep this information in the patient’s file for future reference.
Tighter: Keep this information for reference.
or: File this information.

Phrases beginning with of, which, and that can often be shortened.

Combine sentences to eliminate unnecessary words. In addition to saying words, combining sentences focuses the reader’s attention on key points, makes your writing sound more sophisticated, and sharpens the relationship between ideas, thus making your writing more coherent.

Wordy: I conducted a survey by telephone on Monday April 17th. I questioned 18 dental assistants, some Registered Dental Assistants, and some Certified Dental Assistants, who according to the state directory were all currently working. The purpose of this survey was to find out how many of them were performing advanced functions that were delegated by the state. I also wanted to find out if there were any differences between their salaries.

Tighter: On Monday April 17th, I phoned Registered and Certified working dental assistants to determine (1) if they were performing the state delegated advanced functions, and (2) whether there was a distinction between salaries for these two credentials.

• Vary sentence length and sentence structure: A readable letter mixes sentence lengths and varies sentence structure. A really short sentence is under 10 words and can add punch to your letter. Really long sentences of 30 to 40 words can raise a danger flag.

A simple sentence has one main clause:

We will open a new office this month.

A compound sentence has two main clauses joined with and, but, or, or another conjunction. Compound sentences are used best when the ideas in the two clauses are closely related.

[Clause 1]We have hired three new dental assistants, and [Clause 2]they will complete their orientation next week.

[Clause 1]We hired a new intern, but [Clause 2]she will be unable to begin work until the end of the month.

Complex sentences have one main and one subordinate clause; they are good for showing logical relationships.

[Subordinate clause] When the new office opens, [Main clause] we will have an open house for local dentists and offer refreshments and door prizes.

[Subordinate clause] Because we already have a strong patient base in Livingston County, [Main clause] we expect the new office will be as successful as the Ann Arbor office.

• Use parallel structure: Parallel structure puts words, phrases, or clauses in the same grammatical and logical form. Clarity eliminates long, meaningless words and uses language that the reader will understand. Thus it is certain that each statement will not be misinterpreted.
Nonparallel: The position is prestigious, challenging, and also offers good money.
Parallel: The position offers prestige, challenge, and good money.
Nonparallel: The steps in the planning process include:
Determining the objectives
An idea of who the reader is
A list of the facts
Parallel: Determine the objective
Consider the reader
Gather the facts

• Put your readers in your sentences: Use second person pronouns (you) rather than third person (he, she, one) or first person (I) to give your writing a greater team approach. The “you” approach to letter writing requires the writer to place the reader at the center of the message. When writing the letter, put yourself in place of the reader.
Third person: References for patients in this office are made by our office manager, and the patient will be contacted as soon as the appointment has been confirmed with the specialist.
Second person: Once you are referred to a specialist, you will receive a confirmation of your appointment from our office manager.

image Practice Note

The “you” approach to letter writing requires the writer to place the reader at the center of the message.

In addition to the ideas presented in the preceding, the administrative assistant should review the basic characteristics of effective correspondence. These factors should be used in a review of the letter before it is sent. Remember that the letter sent from the dental office is representative of the quality of work or treatment produced in that practice and should contain the following characteristics:

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PARTS OF A BUSINESS LETTER

A review of the parts of a business letter and the proper placement and purpose for each part is appropriate before selecting a letter style creating the letter. Most business letters contain the following parts:

When using most word processing software, many preformatted letter styles are available. Dates are automatic, and in most systems alignment and letter parts are already defined.

Date Line

The date line contains the date the letter is keyboarded. When using printed letterhead stationery, the date usually begins a double space below the lowest line of the letterhead. (The letterhead usually takes up about 2 inches, but this may vary depending on the style and design of the letterhead.) Many times the length of the letter determines whether the heading should be started lower on the paper; good judgment is needed. When keyboarding a personal business letter, the individual’s return address is placed as the first two lines directly above the date line. The date line can be affected by the length of the letter. When using the computer, you may go to “Print Preview” to check the appearance of the letter. Necessary changes can be made before printing. General guidelines that relate to letter length are shown in Box 9-2.

Inside Address

The inside address provides all of the information for mailing the letter. The letter address should match the envelope address. When using word processing, the envelope often is addressed from the letter address by a minor key function on the computer. The information to be included is the recipient’s name, the name of company (if appropriate), street number and name, city, and zip code. Three lines of space are left between the date and the first line of the letter address.

Use titles preceding the individual’s name (Mr., Mrs., Ms., or Dr.). Do not use a double title, such as Dr. L. B. Crown, D.D.S.; this is redundant. An official title, such as President, may follow the name, for example, Ms. M. P. Coleman, President. The person’s official title is often placed on the second line if it helps to balance the inside address lines. The city, state, and zip code are placed on the last line. The appropriate two-letter state abbreviation should be set in capital letters without a period. Leave two spaces after the abbreviation before entering the Zip code.

Salutation

The salutation formally greets the reader. If the writer wishes the letter to be directed to an individual within a firm, it is acceptable to use an attention line. The salutation line should begin one double space below the letter address and should be even with the left margin. If you are writing to an individual, the most appropriate salutation is the individual’s name. For example, if the letter is addressed to Mr. Ted Monroe, the salutation would be Dear Mr. Monroe. The salutation can be altered to be Dear Ted if the dentist is a close friend of the recipient. This change in formality should be recognized before keyboarding the letter. Special situations occur when the letter is to be sent to unknown individuals or more than one person. Suggestions for salutations to be used in common situations are shown in Box 9-3, A. Addresses and salutations used for governmental and academic officials are shown in Box 9-3, B.

BOX 9-3,B

Addresses and Salutations for Government and Academic Officials

The following addresses and salutations are recommended in correspondence with governmental or academic officials. In each case, the proper ways to address letters are illustrated. On the left are addresses, and on the right, salutations. When one or more examples are given, they are arranged in order of decreasing formality.

Correspondence with Government Officials

The President

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The President Dear Sir, Madam
The White House Dear Mr. (Mrs. or Ms.) President
Washington, DC 20500 Dear Mr. President; Dear Madam President
or
The President of the United States
The White House
Washington, DC 20500

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Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

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The Chief Justice of the  United States Dear Sir, Madam
Washington, DC 20543 Dear Mr. or Madam Chief Justice
or
The Honorable (full name)
United States Supreme Court
Washington, DC 20543

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Associate Justice of the Supreme Court

The Honorable (full name) Dear Sir, Madam
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Dear Mr. or Madam Justice
Washington, DC 20543 My dear Justice (surname)
  Dear Justice (surname)

Cabinet Member

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The Honorable (full name) Dear Sir, Madam
Secretary of State My dear Mr. or Madam Secretary
Washington, DC 20520
or
The Secretary of State Dear Mr. or Madam Secretary
Washington, DC 20520

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Senator

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The Honorable (full name) Dear Sir, Madam
The United States Senate My dear Mr. or Madam Senator
Washington, DC 20510 My dear Senator (surname)
or Dear Senator (surname)
Senator (full name)
The United States Senate
Washington, DC 20510

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Representative

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The Honorable (full name) Dear Sir, Madam
The House of Representatives My dear Representative (surname)
Washington, DC 20515 Dear Representative (surname)
or
Representative (full name)
The House of Representatives
Washington, DC 20515

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Chief, Director, or Commissioner of a Government Bureau

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Mr., Ms., Mrs., or Miss (full name) Dear Sir, Madam
Director of Public Information My dear Mr., Ms., Mrs., or Miss (surname)
Department of Justice Dear Mr., Ms., Mrs., or Miss
Washington, DC 20530
or
Director of Public Information
Department of Justice
Washington, DC 20530

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Governor

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The Honorable (full name) Dear Sir, Madam
Governor of Ohio My dear Governor (surname)
Columbus, OH 43215 Dear Governor (surname)
or Dear Governor
The Governor of Ohio
Columbus, OH 43215

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State Senator

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The Honorable (full name) Dear Sir, Madam
The State Senate My dear Senator
Columbus, OH 43215 My dear Senator (surname)
or Dear Senator (surname)
Senator (full name) My dear Mr., Ms., Mrs., or Miss (surname)
The State Senate Dear Mr., Ms., Mrs., or Miss
Columbus, OH 43215

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State Representative

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The Honorable (full name) Dear Sir, Madam
House of Representatives My dear Representative (surname)
Columbus, OH 43215 Dear Representative (surname)
or My dear Mr., Ms., Mrs., or Miss (surname)
Representative (full name) Dear Mr., Ms., Mrs., or Miss (surname)
House of Representatives
Columbus, OH 43215

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Mayor of a City

The Honorable (full name) My dear Sir or Madam
Mayor of the City of Ann Arbor Dear Sir or Madam
City Hall Dear Mr. or Madam Mayor
Ann Arbor, MI 48105 My dear Mayor (surname)
  Dear Mayor (surname)

Correspondence with Educators

President (College or University)

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Dr. (full name) My dear Sir, Madam
or Dear Sir, Madam
(full name), Ph.D. My dear President (surname)
President Dear President (surname)
Ohio University
Athens,OH 45701

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Dean of a College

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Dean (full name) My dear Sir, Madam
College of Business Administration Dear Sir, Madam
University of Cincinnati My dear Dean (surname)
Cincinnati, OH 45221 Dear Dean (surname)
or
Dr. (full name)
Dean of the College of Business Administration
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, OH 45221
(If the individual has a doctorate degree, the salutation may be Dear Dr. Wilson instead of Dear Dean Wilson.)

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Professor (College or University)

(full name), Ph.D. My dear Sir, Madam
Dr. (full name) Dear Sir, Madam
Vanderbilt University My dear Professor (surname)
Nashville, TN 37203 Dear Dr. (surname)
Dear Mrs. Mr. Ms., or Miss (surname)  

Note: Window envelopes require the date line to be placed on a line 2 inche/>

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Jan 5, 2015 | Posted by in General Dentistry | Comments Off on 9. Written Communications

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