7
Bone
Table 7.1 Composition of bone
| Inorganic constituents (67 wt.%) | Organic matrix (33 wt.%) |
|---|---|
| Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite | 25% Type I collagen 5% Noncollagenous proteins: osteonectin osteocalcin bone morphogenic protein bone proteoglycan bone sialoprotein |
Table 7.2 Inorganic constituents of bone (wt.%)
| Constituent | Average content (%) | Range (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium | 35 | 33–36.5 |
| Phosphorus | 15 | 14.5–16 |
| Carbonate | 5 | 3–8 |
| Sodium | 0.45 | 0.26–0.59 |
| Magnesium | 0.45 | 0.32–0.78 |
Table 7.3 Average composition of bone mineral
| Component | Presence (wt.%) |
|---|---|
| Magnesium whitlockite, Ca9Mg(HPO4)(PO4)6 | 20 |
| Sodium- and carbonate-containing apatite, Ca8.5Na1.5(PO4)4.5(CO3)1.5 | 15 |
| Defective hydroxyapatite, Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) | 65 |
Table 7.4 Cells responsible for formation, maintenance, and resorption of bone
| Cell | Type | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Osteoblasts | Uninucleated cells | Secrete bone matrix. Synthesize collagenous and noncollagenous bone protein (the osteoid). Mineralize osteoid. |
| Osteocytes | Entrapped osteoblasts in bone matrix | Osteocyte–osteo/> |
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