Reconstruction of Hard and Soft Tissue Maxillofacial Defects
Key points • Reconstruction of maxillofacial composite defects is a technically demanding and time-demanding process. • Reconstruction requires a prolonged treatment course, a team approach, and meticulous planning that is…
Otologic and Temporal Bone Injuries, Triage, and Management
Key points • Temporal bone trauma requires a large amount of force, meaning that patients will presents with multiple injuries and the temporal bone injury is often incidentally found. Focus…
Triage and Management of Cranial Injuries
Key points • The optimal evaluation and treatment of the head-injured patient is predicated on initially following established Advanced Trauma Life Support principles and preventing secondary injury. • Once specific…
Ocular Injuries, Triage, and Management in Maxillofacial Trauma
Key points • Key historical information for the triage of ocular trauma includes the mechanism and nature of the injury, the presence of eyewear at the time of the injury,…
Management of Midface Maxillofacial Trauma
Key points • The maxilla, palate, zygomaticomaxillary complex, nasal bones, orbits, nasal-orbital-ethmoid complex, and frontal sinus may be affected by midface trauma. • Forces directed onto the midfacial skeleton are…
Soft Tissue Trauma
Key points • Copious irrigation with normal saline is the only debridement and preparation needed for most soft tissue wounds before closure. • Well-irrigated and debrided facial soft tissue wounds…
Characterization and Management of Mandibular Fractures
Key points • Proper treatment cannot be completed without an accurate diagnosis. • Whenever possible, occlusion should be used to guide reduction. • Anatomic reduction is the goal. • In…
Wound Management and Nutrition for Optimal Wound Healing
Key points • Wound healing occurs over 4 phases: (1) hemostasis; (2) inflammation; (3) proliferation; (4) remodeling. • Macronutrients (proteins/amino acids, carbohydrates, and essential fatty acids) provide building blocks and…
Maxillofacial Imaging in the Trauma Patient
Key points • Recent advances in imaging systems, software, and the use of additive manufacturing techniques have provided unprecedented opportunities for evaluation of both hard and soft tissues for presurgical…
Characteristics of Ballistic and Blast Injuries
Key points • The permanent cavity is the site of initial permanent tissue destruction. • Deformation of the projectile after impacting hard tissues causes an increase in the size of…
The Treatment of Maxillofacial Trauma in Austere Conditions
Key points • When possible, disaster-response teams and equipment should be identified and organized before the incident occurs. • Triage is a difficult but necessary component of disaster-relief and combat…
Initial Management of the Trauma Patient
Key points • Trauma is the leading cause of death for individuals in the United States up to the age of 45, and is the third leading cause of death…
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma
David A. Bitonti, DMD, CAPT, DC, USN, Editor The management of maxillofacial trauma and the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery are integrally linked. The synergistic combination of an intricate understanding…
Surgical Uprighting of Second Molars
Key points • The second molar tooth is usually the last functional tooth to erupt and can become impacted under the distal contour of the first molar. • Leaving the…
Office Placement of Skeletal Anchorage Devices
Key points • Skeletal anchorage devices enhance the versatility and expand the range of traditional orthodontic therapy. • Rapid and reliable movement of teeth can correct some deformities that were…
