16
Base metal alloys
Box 16.1 Characteristics of titanium and titanium alloys
Benign biological response
High corrosion resistance
Rapid repassivation (10−9 seconds)
Low density (4.5 g/cm3)
Low elastic modulus (100 GPa)
High strength (240–550 MPa)
Table 16.1 Dental applications of base metal alloys
| Cast metals | Wrought metals | |
|---|---|---|
| Nickel–chromium | Partial denture frameworks | — |
| Crowns and bridges | — | |
| Metal–ceramic restorations | — | |
| Cobalt–chromium | Partial denture frameworks | — |
| Cobalt–chromium–nickel | — | Orthodontic wires |
| Stainless steel | — | Orthodontic wires and brackets |
| — | Endodontic instruments | |
| Titanium and Ti alloys | Crowns and bridges | Implants |
| Partial dentures | Crowns and bridges | |
| Implants | Orthodontic wires | |
| Nickel–titanium | — | Orthodontic wires |
Table 16.2 Compositions of cobalt–chromium and nickel–chromium casting alloys
| Cobalt–chromium | Nickel–chromium | |
|---|---|---|
| Chromium | ≥25%* | ≥ 20%* |
| Molybdenum | ≥4% | ≥ 4% |
| Beryllium | Trace | ≤ 2% |
| Cobalt | Main constituent | — |
| Nickel | 0–30% | Main constituent |
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