Community Health and Research Principles
QUESTIONS
Questions 1 through 5 refer to information in the following testlet.
1. Which of the following is the FIRST data collection method needed for this program?
A Consult school nurse records
B Survey parents’ oral health literacy
C Test the children’s basic oral health knowledge
D Conduct sample DMFT and dft indices with the school children
2. Which of the following factors should be considered to determine the optimal level of water fluoridation for this community?
B The brand of dentifrice used by the population
C The current level of fluoride in the water supply
D Children’s decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) scores
E Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendation
3. All of the following are important risk factors for development of dental caries in this population EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A Children’s poor oral hygiene
B Cultural diversity of the population
4. Which change in the DMFT scores would indicate the most successful outcome 5 years after implementation of the program?
A Decrease in D, increase in F, and no change in M
B Decrease in D, decrease in F, and decrease in M
C Increase in D, decrease in F, and no change in M
5. The “e” in the index used to assess this population indicates teeth that are (Select all that apply.)
Questions 6 through 11 refer to information in the following testlet.
6. Which of the following would be the MOST effective intervention to implement to increase compliance with the dental referral?
A Conducting oral health screening during prenatal care visits
B Developing written educational materials for distribution during prenatal visits
C Documenting the oral condition of the women who have complied and received a dental examination
D Planning an educational presentation about the relationship among oral health, systemic health, and the risks and consequences of diabetes for the pregnant women
7. Based on the results of the survey, which of the following health education theories would be the MOST appropriate to use as the foundation for an oral health education intervention to improve compliance with the dental referral?
8. Which of the following is a valid conclusion about the population from the results of the survey?
A They have low health literacy.
B They have no access to oral health care.
C They have other priorities higher than oral health care.
D They do not have access to care in private dental offices in the community.
9. Which characteristic of public health is exemplified by the dental referral by the medical clinic?
A Personal responsibility for oral health
B Community, rather than the individual, as the patient
C Application of biostatistics to analyze population health problems
D Multidisciplinary team approach to solving public health problems
10. The process of involving and activating members of the community in a meeting is an example of which theory of health promotion?
11. Lower-SES populations are identified as a high priority target populations in the United States because these populations are identified as having unmet oral health needs by the Surgeon General’s Report.
Questions 12 through 15 refer to information in the following testlet.
12. Which type of examination is used for the initial assessment of new residents?
13. Which of the following BEST describes the purpose for calibrating the second dental hygienist before the team conducts the annual examinations?
A Increase the validity of the evaluation results
B Introduce objectivity into the evaluation process
C Ensure the residents’ cooperation with the screening process
D Increase the interexaminer (interrater) reliability of the evaluation results
14. In this testlet, the initial assessment of oral hygiene status performed by the dental hygiene coordinator is comparable with which component of private practice?
15. Which of the following could be an effect of using a disclosant in the application of the O’Leary plaque index to measure plaque in this program? (Select all that apply.)
Questions 16 through 21 refer to information in the following testlet.
16. What term correctly describes the rate of disease that is constant in a population?
17. Which of the following programs would be MOST recommended to provide safe and cost effective caries prevention, in addition to the sealant program for this high caries risk population?
A Application of fluoride varnish
B Weekly fluoride rinse program at school
C Distribution of over–the-counter (OTC) fluoride dentifrice at school
18. Which of the following are possible funding sources for this program? (Select all that apply.)
19. Which of the following is the MOST effective teaching strategy to evaluate learning for toothbrushing in the educational programs with these school children? (Select all that apply.)
20. A public health problem is a condition that is widespread and has an actual or potential cause of morbidity or mortality. Using this definition, the school system has a public health problem based on the high DMF scores of the school children.
A Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
C The statement is correct, but the reason is not.
21. If the DMF scores of the different SES groups are compared, which of the following would be the expected results?
A Lower rates of DMF in the lower-SES groups
B Higher DMF scores in the higher-SES children with more treated decay
C Higher DMF scores in the lower-SES children, with more treated decay
D Higher DMF scores in the higher-SES children, with more untreated decay
E Higher DMF scores in the lower-SES children, with more untreated decay
Questions 22 through 25 refer to information in the following testlet.
22. Which of the following are the three characteristics that compose epidemiologic factors of disease? (Select all that apply.)
23. Which type of evaluation involves comparison of the pretest and posttest scores?
24. The primary role of the public health dental hygienist is to provide direct patient treatment. The dental hygienist’s role in this program is primarily coordination, training, and serving as a resource that fulfills the role of the public health hygienist.
C The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.
25. Assessment data are collected from each pediatric patient to determine his or her dental experiences. Which of the following terms describes the children’s annual visits to a dentist or dental hygienist?
Questions 26 through 30 refer to information in the following testlet.
26. What level of prevention is addressed by this program?
27. Which of the following is an appropriate instructional objective for the Head Start teachers in this program?
A After an instructional session, children will demonstrate correct brushing.
B After an in-service program, classroom teachers will be able to identify 75% of children with signs of early childhood caries in their classrooms.
C Parents will complete consent forms for fluoride varnish for 95% of the children.
D Parents will be able to select candies and gums made with noncariogenic sweeteners.
28. Which of the following types of data is represented by the classification of treatment needs?
29. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate use of the data generated by the screening? Select the two that are most applicable.
30. Which of the following is the BEST fluoride program for this project?
Questions 31 through 34 refer to information in the following testlet.
31. Which of the following is the purpose of including personal oral care for the nurses’ aides?
A To motivate them to attend the educational program
B To prepare them to serve as role models for the residents
C To help them understand and appreciate the value of personal oral care
D To learn the skills that they will use to provide oral care for the residents
32. Which of the following actions should occur next in this program?
A Developing a lesson plan for the educational program
B Selecting teaching strategies for the educational program
C Requesting funding for supplies from the local dental hygiene society
D Contacting the local dental hygiene program to solicit student involvement in the program
E Meeting with the director and director of nursing to determine program goals and objectives
33. Which of the following is the BEST program to implement after the nurse aides are trained in personal oral care?
A Fluoride program for the residents
B Denture care instruction for the residents
34. Who is the responsible party to contact if the dental hygienist identifies possible oral cancer lesions during the intraoral screening?
Questions 35 through 40 refer to information in the following testlet.
35. For each variable in the study and listed below, select the MOST closely linked type of variable from the list provided.
Variable in the Study | Type of Variable |
___ 1. Age | A. Dependent |
___ 2. Compliance with periodontal maintenance | B. Extraneous |
___ 3. Gender | C. Independent |
___ 4. Instructions about the importance of periodontal maintenance | D. Relevant and controlled |
___ 5. Method of appointment scheduling | |
___ 6. Periodontal status |
36. Which of the following is the purpose of giving the same verbal and written instructions about periodontal maintenance to all groups of patients?
A Increasing the validity of the study
B Satisfying the ethical requirements
C Increasing the reliability of the study
37. The entire dental hygiene faculty in the dental hygiene clinic uses the same standardized design of periodontal probe at all times to measure clinical attachment loss to classify patients’ periodontal status and has calibrated with each other on the use of this probe. Select the two factors that are enhanced by using the same periodontal probe and calibration.
38. If the survey had been conducted on a sample of the population, which of the following would have been the BEST sampling method to use?
39. On the basis of the correlation coefficient, which of the following types of relationship was found between periodontal health and compliance with periodontal maintenance?
40. Which of the following is the BEST graphing technique to depict the compliance of both groups when the results are presented to the professional and administrative staff of the clinic?
Questions 41 through 45 refer to information in the following testlet.
41. Which of the following is the BEST group to target for an oral health in-service to continue ongoing oral health education after the program has been implemented?
42. All of the following are stakeholders of this program EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
43. Which of the following is the BEST way to evaluate the outcomes of the sealant program?
A Evaluate the percentage of children served
B Screen the children with the OHI-S 6 months later
C Ask the children about their perceptions of the program
D Conduct a basic screening a year later to assess for incidence of decay
E Conduct parent focus groups to determine their satisfaction with the program
44. Which of the following is the MOST culturally sensitive procedure to use during the presentation of an oral health education program for parents?
A Hiring translators to interpret
B Presenting the program in English
C Using children to translate for their parents
D Hiring Hispanic school staff and dental personnel who can translate
45. The program exemplifies all of the following recommendations of the National Call to Action to Promote Oral Health initiative EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Questions 46 through 49 refer to information in the following testlet.
46. The dmfs of this population indicates that the children suffer from early childhood caries. The dmfs is the appropriate index used for detection of early childhood caries.
C The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.
47. After seeing the high levels of ECC in the children, the public health hygienist is motivated to organize a fluoridation campaign for this community. Which of the following would be the BEST first step?
A Organizing a debate between profluoridationists and antifluoridationists
B Testifying before the city council to convince them to fluoridate the water
C Having a referendum to allow the citizens to express their opinion about fluoridation
D Making contacts with key community leaders to obtain a broad base of support for fluoridation
E Organizing a massive community educational program about the benefits and safety of fluoridation
48. What other index could be used to screen these children for dental caries in public health settings?