Management of Nasal Fractures
Key points • Nasal bone fractures are the most common facial fractures in adult patients with trauma. • The nasal complex comprises underlying nasal mucosa and turbinates, upper and lower…
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Post-Traumatic Injuries of the Trigeminal and Facial Nerve
Key points • An adequate understanding of the pertinent anatomy of the head and neck is necessary to successfully diagnose and treat injuries of the facial and trigeminal nerves. •…
Complicated Maxillofacial Fractures
Key points • To understand the variety of presentations of pediatric maxillofacial trauma. • To appreciate the effects of facial trauma on the growing facial skeleton. • To detail the…
Bilateral Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction and Maxillomandibular Advancement for Concomitant Temporomandibular Joint Degeneration and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Key points • Association between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and sleep disturbances, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is well documented, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. • Comprehensive diagnostic workup is…
Pediatric Sleep Surgery
Key points • Congenital craniofacial abnormalities are rare but often correctable causes of obstructive sleep apnea. • Robin sequence and syndromic craniosynostosis are the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies associated…
Maxillomandibular Advancement
Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has remained a reliable and highly effective surgical intervention since its introduction in 1989. Modifications have been made to…
Tonsillectomy and Pharyngoplasty
Key points • The airway of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients has been shown to be smaller in the lateral dimension and retropalatal region. • Palatopharyngoplasty can be performed alone…
Transoral Robotic Surgery for the Tongue Base
Key points • Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common disorder that affects 2% to 4% of men and 1% to 2% of women between the ages of 30…
Pediatric Tongue Base Surgery
Key points • Tongue base is one of the most common sites of upper airway obstruction in patients with persistent obstructive sleep apnea after removal of adenoids and palatine tonsils….
Maxillomandibular Advancement
Key points • Obstructive sleep apnea is underdiagnosed in Canada. • Canadian sleep specialists are reluctant to propose maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). • The Canadian public health insurance covers expenses related…
Genioglossus and Genioplasty Advancement
Key points • Genioglossus advancement with or without genioplasty is technique used as part of multilevel treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. • Many modifications have been described to tailor the…
Upper Airway (Hypoglossal Nerve) Stimulation for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Key points • Obstructive sleep apnea is a multilevel process consisting of physiologic and anatomic obstructive patterns leading to partial or complete collapse of the upper airway and resulting comorbidities….
Nasal Surgery for Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Key points • Nasal obstruction, like other obstructive sleep breathing disorders, is multifactorial with many areas of potential anatomic obstructions. This article reviews the role of nasal obstruction in these…
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Key points • Obstructive sleep apnea is a heterogenous disorder characterized by a number of distinct phenotypes of upper airway collapse. • Evaluating dynamic pharyngeal collapse in the sleeping patient…
Sleep Surgery in the Era of Precision Medicine
Key points • Significant updates have been made to the original Stanford sleep surgery algorithm to reflect increased understanding of obstructive sleep apnea pathophysiology, patient phenotyping, and treatment outcome. •…
A History of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Surgery
39 A History of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Surgery Peter Randall, Oksana A. Jackson KEY POINTS ○ The oldest representations of cleft lip come from 3000-year-old mummy grave pottery…
Treatment Planning for Cleft Orthognathic Surgery
71 Treatment Planning for Cleft Orthognathic Surgery Alvaro A. Figueroa, Alexander L. Figueroa, John W. Polley KEY POINTS ○ Maxillomandibular discrepancies in patients with clefts require a combined surgical and…
Definitive Rhinoplasty for Adult Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity
56 Definitive Rhinoplasty for Adult Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity Gary C. Burget KEY POINTS The cleft lip nasal deformity is the “ultimate” crooked or twisted nose; it should be addressed…
Postpalatoplasty Fistulas: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
57 Postpalatoplasty Fistulas: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Darren M. Smith, Matthew D. Ford, Joseph E. Losee KEY POINTS ○ Palatal fistulas are extremely difficult to manage. ○ The best fistula…
Orthodontic Principles in the Management of Orofacial Clefts
65 Orthodontic Principles in the Management of Orofacial Clefts Ana M. Mercado, Katherine W.L. Vig KEY POINTS ○ The interdisciplinary team approach was developed to provide efficient and effective integrated…
