Fig. 1.1 Interrelationships and definitions of ICDAS and ICCMS and GCCM The best evidence for deciding which treatment is appropriate and when has been assembled by a group of 75…
Fig. 15.1 (a) Nonretracted frontal view of patient’s anterior teeth. (b) Retracted view showing enamel fluorosis in all teeth. (c) Close-up view of maxillary incisors. (d) Lateral close-up view of…
Fig. 6.1 Retracted view of a 28-year-old patient who bleached his maxillary teeth with 10 % carbamide peroxide gel (Opalescence 10 %, Ultradent Products, Inc.) in a custom-fitted tray overnight for 3…
Fig. 13.1 Preoperative view of the patient’s maxillary anterior teeth. An A2 Vita Classical A1-D4 shade tab (VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG) is shown as reference Fig….
Fig. 14.1 (a) Preoperative view of the patient’s smile. (b) Preoperative view of the patient’s maxillary anterior teeth. Note the reduced length of the anterior teeth Fig. 14.2 Aspect of…
Fig. 11.1 Preoperative view of patient’s smile showing severe discoloration of the maxillary right canine (tooth #6, FDI 1.3) and generalized discoloration of the remaining dentition (A3, Vita Classical shade…
Fig. 7.1 The effect of rubber dam on lightness can be observed in these three photographs. (a) Patient’s smile before rubber dam isolation. (b) The rubber dam was placed in…
Fig. 4.1 Traditional tray showing (a) the evident possibility of direct contact of the bleaching gel (arrow) with soft tissue and (b) the scalloped tray, 0.5 mm short of the…
Fig. 8.1 Causes of intrinsic stains 8.2.1 Systemic Causes of Posteruptive Intrinsic Stains The developing dentition can be affected by a number of systemic factors, including metabolic and genetic diseases…
Date Name Material used Discoloration 1799 Macintosh (Dwinelle 1850) Invented chloride of lime (called bleaching powder) 1848 Dwinelle (1850) Chloride of lime Nonvital teeth 1860 Truman (1889) Chloride and…
Fig. 12.1 (a, b) Pre-operative view of the discolored maxillary central incisors displaying brown stains caused by fluorosis The patient agreed with the treatment plan. After preliminary impressions and fabrication…
Fig. 5.1 Patient subjected to a professional in-office tooth bleaching therapy, which can be esthetically regarded as a success. However, the patient reported postbleaching sensitivity in the anterior teeth (Images…
Fig. 10.1 Schematic illustration of the origin of the whitish opaque appearance of initial caries and developmental defects. (a) Sound enamel is relatively translucent for visible light. Light beams (arrows)…
This type of cleavage is favored by light and heat and forms free radicals. Heterolytic cleavage, which is a deprotonation reaction leaving an electron pair: This deprotonation occurs at increased…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Jorge Perdigão (ed.)Tooth Whitening10.1007/978-3-319-38849-6_3 3. Overall Safety of Peroxides Yiming Li1, 2 (1) Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350,…
15 Atlas of Salivary Gland Surgery SNEHAL G. PATEL Surgical resection is the most commonly employed treatment modality for tumors of the salivary glands. Safe and effective surgery of the…
9 Benign Tumors, Cysts, and Tumor-like Conditions of the Salivary Glands ROBERT L. WITT AND SUSAN J. MAYGARDEN Three percent of head and neck tumors and 0.5% of all tumors…
10 Malignant Neoplasms of the Salivary Glands F. CHRISTOPHER HOLSINGER, ADEL K. EL-NAGGAR, LEONARDO TORRES, DAVID I. ROSENTHAL AND RANDAL S. WEBER Malignant salivary gland tumors are uncommon and account…
8 Pediatric Salivary Gland Disease RICHARD J. SCHMIDT, STEVEN P. COOK AND JAMES S. REILLY The spectrum of diseases of salivary gland origin in children is both different and perhaps…
16 Facial Paralysis Rehabilitation ARA A. CHALIAN AND SARAH H. KAGAN Patients with facial paralysis suffer significant functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial sequelae. Even single branch weakness or paralysis may leave…
