Study Lesiona No lesion Healing (%) Effect on healing Strindberg (1956) 2/4 9/11 11/15 (73%) Overall 19% reduction (although lower when lesion is present) Grahnén and Hansson (1961) NR NR…
Fig. 5.1 (a) Preoperative radiograph of a mandibular right first molar with a fragment in the middle third of the mesial root. (b, c) Operative microscope photographs of the pulp…
Steps Procedure First Ten vigorous strokes in a scouring sponge soaked in 0.2% chlorhexidine solution Second 30-min presoak in an enzymatic cleaning solution Third 15-min ultrasonication in the same solution…
Author(s) Study design and sample size Methods, devices, instruments, techniques, and protocol used Microscope Definition of success Success rate Shiyakov and Vasileva (2014) In vivo (n = 26) Ultrasonics Yes…
Fig. 4.1 Large MODB pin-retained amalgam restoration. The loss of original occlusal anatomy landmarks and pulp canal space calcification will make this a more challenging tooth to access for root…
Fig. 10.1 Anatomic relationship between pulp and periodontium In case of endodontic lesions, the pathway of inflammation is through the apical foramen, furcation canals, and lateral accessory canals to the…
Fig. 6.1 (a) Micro-computed tomography axial section of a tooth with the root canals filled. The material appears in black color and shows a good filling of the root canals….
Fig. 7.1 NaOCl extrusion (Courtesy of Dr. Daniel OTT) 7.2.2 Probable Aetiological Factors 1. Wide apical foramina 2. If the apical constriction is destroyed probably during root canal instrumentation…
Medical/Dental history Past/recent treatment, drugs Chief complaint (if any) How long, symptoms, duration of pain, location, onset, stimuli, relief, referred, medications Clinical exam Facial symmetry, sinus tract, soft tissue, periodontal…
Fig. 2.1 Periapical radiographic images obtained by intraoral solid-state sensors, used for diagnosis, odontometry, and follow-up 2.2 Digital Radiography Digital intraoral receptors have several advantages compared to conventional film-based imaging,…
Fig. 3.1 Indirect view of palate where 4% articaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline was administered. Sloughing following vasoconstrictor induced ischemia is a more likely reason than the anesthetic per se When…
Fig. 11.1 (a, b) Male patient, 70 years old, no systemic problem, strong attrition, secondary dentine formation and calcifications in pulp chamber, and vertical dimensional loss. This sort of clinical…
Poorer prognosis Better prognosis Secondary infection Primary infection Long-standing infection Presence of fistulae No historical or current oral/endodontic communication Lack of coronal seal/insufficient residual tooth structure Sufficient tooth structure…
Fractured instrument (can it be bypassed?) Yes No (consider the location) Continue biomechanical preparation. Do not attempt to remove the fractured part of the instrument Apical third Middle/coronal third …
Fig. 9.1 Gingival recession following intrasulcular incision in the area of maxillary central incisor (PFM crown) Separation of the wound margins may occur within the first week after surgery. This…
Classification SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg) Normal <120 and <80 Prehypertension 120–139 or 80–89 Stage 1 hypertension 140–159 or 90–99 Stage 2 hypertension ≥160 ≥100 SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic…
Procedures in Periodontics Mark Ide and Claire McCarthy Introduction Periodontology is the art and science of maintaining the health of the tissues which support teeth and dental implants. It is…
