Currently, the wish to optimize facial esthetics—in the context of a dysfunctional occlusion or not—has become the main motivation for orthognathic surgery in many cases. In this context, considering that…
An important aesthetic goal in orthognathic planning is to improve facial balance, harmony, volume, and symmetry. It is therefore logical that adjunctive aesthetic procedures become a part of the overall…
Orthognathic surgery is an effective approach to correct vertical maxillary excess (VME), which is a common maxillofacial deformity and exhibits excessive vertical development of maxilla. This review summarizes different clinical…
Bimaxillary protrusion is a unique dentofacial deformity trait that can exist in an individual as an isolated problem or in combination with other skeletal and dental-related issues. Orthodontist and oral…
Orthognathic surgery in asymmetric cases is challenging because of diversity and individuality. Clinical observations are of paramount importance and need to be systemically thorough. Three-dimensional diagnosis and virtual planning have…
Virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional (3D) printing have broadened the horizons of oral and maxillofacial surgery, including orthognathic surgery. 3D-printed personalized surgical guide and patient-specific implant (PSI) not only serve…
Although acute immune-mediated lesions of the oral cavity (AIML) can have an onset over several months, they often demonstrate rapid onset and can be self-limited. Despite the self-limiting nature of…
While primary cleft lip nasal deformity has been well described, secondary cleft lip nasal deformity reflects the combination of residual deformity that follows primary operative maneuvers and growth-related nasal distortions….
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves obstruction or reduction of an individual’s airway during sleep and is associated with several comorbidities. Patient evaluation includes detailed history, clinical and radiographic examination, endoscopy,…
Ulcerated and inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa are not rare. A detailed patient medical and social history including habits and abuses, as well as the duration, location, focality and…
White lesions in the oral cavity may be diverse in etiology and may present with significant clinical and sometimes histologic overlap between categories, making accurate diagnosis difficult at times. Although…
Oral fungal infections are opportunistic and due to impaired host resistance. The increasing number of immunosuppressed individuals contributes to rising numbers of mycoses worldwide, and the ease of global migration…
Oral manifestations may be the first sign of a systemic disease, or represent lesions associated with an established or recurrent disease. Oral health care providers are often the first to…
Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is an inflammatory condition that affects the gingival mucosa of the oral cavity. It is characterized by polyclonal dense plasma cell infiltrate in the connective tissue….
Nonodontogenic bacterial infections of the oral cavity are not a common finding in the United States. Nevertheless, there has been an increase in prevalence of certain bacterial sexually transmitted diseases,…
The human herpesvirus (HHV) family is a group of enveloped DNA viruses containing 8 members known to produce oral mucosal lesions. Following initial exposure, which may result in symptomatic primary…
Pigmented lesions are a common finding in the oral cavity. Oral pigmented lesions may range from solitary to multiple, pinpoint to diffuse, and have a variety of clinical implications. Nearly…
Sinonasal tumors are rare, diverse, complex lesions with overlapping demographic and clinical features. Malignant tumors are more common, with a grave prognosis, and require biopsy for accurate diagnosis. This article…
The anatomy of the paranasal sinuses is complex with multiple anatomic variants that can predispose patients to disease. Knowledge of this complex anatomy is important not only for successful treatment…
Infectious and inflammatory disorders are the commonest pathologies to affect the major salivary glands however frequently overlap in clinical presentation. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, usually initially performed…
