Cement-retention is a viable option in restoring dental implants. A wide range of dental cements with different properties are commercially available for use in the cementation of implant prostheses. The…
Edentulous sites are often characterized by inadequate bone volume for dental implant therapy. Bone augmentation procedures for site development involve longer healing period and are often invasive, costly, and associated…
Guided bone-regeneration techniques use either resorbable or nonresorbable membrane. Ideal membrane material should be biocompatible with tissue integration, be able to create and maintain space, be occlusive with selective permeability,…
Soft and hard tissue engineering has expanded the frontiers of oral/maxillofacial augmentation. Soft tissue grafting enhancements include improving flap prevascularization and using stem cells and other cells to create not…
Implant surface micro and macro topography plays a key role in early osseointegration. The physicochemical features of the implant surface (ie, chemical composition, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and roughness) influence the deposition of…
Clinical assessment and conventional 2-D radiographs often provide inadequate diagnostic data for proper implant placement. Cone beam CT (CBCT) enables 3-D visualization of the alveolar ridge, aiding clinicians with identification…
There are few absolute contraindications to dental implant placement. Relative contraindications include cognitive decline, American Society of Anesthesiology patient status IV or higher categories, or medical conditions that may jeopardize…
Dental service requirements are determined by four demographic and epidemiologic factors: 1. The population at risk 2. The incidence and prevalence of dental diseases 3. The accepted standards of care…
Endodontic Record Excellence Importance Endodontic therapy records serve as an important map to document and guide the clinician’s journey down the correct diagnostic and treatment path. Documentation is essential to…
Despite the dental profession’s emphasis on prevention, threats to pulp survival, such as caries, restorative dental treatment, and traumatic injuries, have not been eliminated. As a consequence, children continue to…
Nonsurgical root canal therapy has become a routine procedure in modern dentistry. Technical and scientific advances in endodontics have resulted in the retention of millions of teeth that would otherwise…
Special Features of Endodontically Treated Teeth Once endodontic therapy is completed, the tooth must be adequately restored. Indeed, given the large impact that poor or missing restorations have on the…
Vital pulp therapy is designed to preserve and maintain pulpal health in teeth that have been exposed to trauma, caries, restorative procedures, and anatomic anomalies. The treatment can be completed…
Society, in general, is more concerned about beauty and perfect looks than ever before. In particular, the “perfect smile” has gained more and more importance, including straight and light-colored teeth….
1 The authors acknowledge the outstanding work of Drs. Henry Trowbridge, Syngcuk Kim, Hideaki Suda, David H. Pashley, and Fredrick R. Liewehr in previous editions of this text. The present…
This scenario is familiar to many people. The mere act of making a dental appointment requires greater courage than they can summon up, and except when oral pain becomes unbearable,…
* The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of David Witherspoon for his involvement with previous editions. Although nonsurgical endodontic treatment is a highly predictable option in most cases,…
Context of Evaluating Endodontic Outcomes The development of medical and dental practices has been guided by prevailing philosophies and consensus of expert opinions. The foundations of modern endodontics were shaken…
Clinical endodontics encompasses a number of treatments, but they have in common the goal of preventing and treating microbial contamination of pulps and root canal systems. Treatment of traumatic dental…
Apical periodontitis is essentially an inflammatory disease of microbial etiology primarily caused by infection of the root canal system. Although chemical and physical factors can induce periradicular inflammation, a large…
