Apical Microsurgery
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Discuss the role of endodontic surgery in treatment planning for a patient. 2. Recognize situations in which…
Endodontic Treatment Outcomes
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Describe signs of successful and unsuccessful root canal treatment. 2. Describe the most common modalities used to…
Adjunctive Procedures
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Discuss the role of adjunctive endodontic surgery in patient treatment planning. 2. Recognize situations in which adjunctive…
Isolation, Endodontic Access, and Length Determination
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter the student should be able to: 1. Describe the rationale for rubber dam isolation during endodontic procedures. 2. Describe techniques for application of the…
Cleaning and Shaping
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student will be able to: 1. State reasons and describe strategies for enlarging the cervical portion of the canal to promote straight-line access….
Obturation and Temporization
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Explain the objectives of root canal obturation. 2. Explain the rationale for single-visit versus multi-visit endodontic treatment…
Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Describe the main factors involved in the survival of root-filled teeth. 2. Summarize factors contributing to loss…
Management of the Vital Pulp and of Immature Teeth
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Understand the special physiologic and structural characteristics of the dentin-pulp complex and how they affect the pulpal…
Bleaching Discolored Nonvital Teeth
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Identify the causes and nature of tooth discoloration. 2. Describe means of preventing tooth discolorations. 3. Differentiate…
Endodontic Emergencies and Therapeutics
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Identify causes of emergencies as they occur before treatment, between appointments, and after obturation, differentiating urgency from…
Root Canal Anatomy
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Recognize errors that may cause difficulties or failures in root canal treatment owing to lack of knowledge…
Endodontic Armamentarium
Learning Objectives At the end of this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Define the basic set of armamentarium appropriate for diagnosis, emergency treatment, canal preparation, obturation, and…
Local Anesthesia
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Explain why apprehension and anxiety, fatigue, and tissue inflammation create difficulties in obtaining profound anesthesia. 2. Define…
Endodontic Case Complexity and Working with the Specialist
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Evaluate the multiple factors that determine case difficulty and potential need for referral. 2. Identify the indications…
Differential Diagnosis of Pains and Radiolucencies of Nonpulpal Origin
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Identify the personal and societal effect that orofacial pain conditions can have. 2. Understand the classification systems…
Endodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Recognize that diagnosis and treatment planning for pulpal and periapical conditions should be part of a broader…
Endodontic Radiology
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Differentiate between stochastic and deterministic dental x-radiation biorisks and recognize which poses the greatest endodontic patient risk….
Systemic Health Considerations in the Endodontic Patient and Geriatric Endodontics
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Recognize the various ways in which endodontic pathosis and systemic disease interact and some of the mechanisms…
Pathogenesis of Pulp and Periapical Diseases
Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Describe the histology and physiology of the normal dental pulp. 2. Identify etiologic factors causing pulp inflammation….
Antimicrobial and physicochemical characterization of endodontic sealers after exposure to chlorhexidine digluconate
Highlights • Pulp canal sealer exerted the highest antibacterial activity. • Chlorhexidine increased the antibacterial activity of all sealers investigated. • BioRoot was the most affected sealer by CHX in…
