Endosteal Implants

We begin with a general introduction to the available implant types and the physical conditions required for their placement. Although their basic characteristics are presented in this chapter, the reader should refer to Chapter 5 for optimal prosthetic use; it would be best to read Chapter 5 after completing this chapter, because one of the key guides to implant selection is the patient’s prosthetic requirements.

Root Form Implants

If the available bone has sufficient width and height, root forms (e.g., submergible, single stage, two stage, and one piece) are the first choice in selecting an implant. The types available are:

• Press-fit (unthreaded but covered with a roughened hydrox-yapatite [HA] or titanium plasma spray [TPS] coating) (Fig. 2-1)

• Self-tapping (threaded) (Fig. 2-2)

• Pretapping (threaded) (Fig. 2-3)

Prosthetic options: Prostheses may be supported by fixed, fixed-detachable, overdenture, or single-tooth devices (antirotational design required).

Bone requirements:

FIGURE 2-1. Endosteal root form implants. These implants are 3.25 to 4 mm in diameter, press-fit, and both are coated with hydroxyapatite.

FIGURE 2-2. Brånemark style self-tapping implants made of commercially pure (CP) titanium.

FIGURE 2-3. Left, The Zimmer threaded implant, coated with hydroxyapatite (HA), requires pretapping of the bone. Right, A coordinated, HA-coated, press-fit design of the same diameter.

Bone height (vertical) Bone width (buccal to lingual) Bone breadth (mesial to distal) per implant, including the interproximal spaces mesially and distally

>8 mm

>5.25 mm

>6.5 mm

Crête Mince (Thin Ridge) and Other Mini-Implants

Crête Mince implants are threaded, self-tapping, titanium spirals (Fig. 2-4, A).

FIGURE 2-4. A, Crête Mince (M. Chérchève) titanium-threaded implant for thin ridges. B and C, Small Dentatus implants can be placed in strategic sites to support interim prostheses during osseointegration of the conventional implants at sites No. 24 and 25.

Blade Implants

Blade implants are available as submergible, single-stage and two-stage, and one-piece devices (Fig. 2-5) in three forms:

Bone requirements:

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