Pocket Dentistry

(1) InLaser Rome – Advanced Center for Esthetic and Laser Dentistry, Rome, Italy (2) Arizona Center for Laser Dentistry, 7900 E. Thompson Peak Parkway #101, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA    …

Fig. 1.1 Primary upper molar: radicular reabsorption starting in the apical area (arrows) Fig. 1.2 Primary lower molar: radicular reabsorption involving all the radicular portions from apical to coronal Fig….

Fig. 6.1 Draft representing the typical irradiation proposed for conventional laser endodontics; the fiber is positioned in a dry canal 1 mm shorter from the apex and is retracted with…

Fig. 5.1 Relative absorption in the visible electromagnetic spectrum of hemoglobin (Hb), oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), and melanin (Image courtesy of Giovanni Olivi, Rome, Italy) 5.2.2.1 Argon Laser Argon is a noble…

Fig. 10.1 Water absorption coefficient and penetration depth of different wavelengths In addition, the medium infrared lasers (2780–2940 nm) are absorbed also by water in the dentinal walls [28], creating…

Fig. 9.1 Schematic representation of the area of positioning of a probe of a laser Doppler flowmetry monitor. The probe is fixed in contact with the buccal surface of the…

Fig. 8.1 Deep recurrent decay Fig. 8.2 Caries removal using the Er:YAG laser Fig. 8.3 Placement of liner 8.3.3 Pulpotomy The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry defines this procedure as…

Fig. 3.1 Schematic representation of the discussed irrigation techniques. Sketches of the various manual (a, b) and automated (c–e) irrigation techniques. For positive pressure irrigation, (a) both the open-ended (left)…

Fig. 4.1 Electromagnetic spectrum of radiations In the visible and invisible infrared spectrum of light, we find the majority of the wavelengths used in dentistry (Fig. 4.2). Fig. 4.2 Lasers…

Fig. 7.1 Activation of a photosensitizer (S) by light (hν) to triplet state (*S) and reaction with oxygen (O2) or other substrate (R) in Type I and II photo processes…