10.1055/b-0034-77711 ■ Part 1. Surgical Anatomy and General Considerations The paired orbits represent a common meeting place of cranial and facial bones. At a key intersection, the orbits protect the…
10.1055/b-0034-77712 ■ Part 2. Operative Technique and Exemplary Repair For several decades, operative repair of the orbit created controversy. Fortunately in recent years, the anatomy of the orbit and indications…
10.1055/b-0034-77703 ■ Part 2. Operative Technique and Exemplary Repair Occlusion is a dynamic concept, and, according to Sicher, occlusal positions are “all those in which contact between some or all…
10.1055/b-0034-77705 ■ Part 1. Surgical Anatomy and General Considerations Five bones (the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, and occipital) house the central nervous system and constitute the cranial base. Although the…
10.1055/b-0034-77709 ■ Part 2. Operative Technique and Exemplary Repair Permutations of nasal-nasoseptal, nasomaxillary, orbito-ethmoid, and orbitosphenoid injury in the adult are evident clinically and in the laboratory after induced trauma….
10.1055/b-0034-77706 ■ Part 2. Operative Technique and Exemplary Repair Injury to the anterior cranial vault may conveniently be perceived as a cascade, 11 similar to that suggested by Sturla for…
10.1055/b-0034-77715 ■ Part 2. Operative Technique and Exemplary Repair Following World War II and during the ensuing decades, surgical repair of combined injuries of the cranium and face was primarily…
10.1055/b-0034-77714 ■ Part 1. Surgical Anatomy and General Considerations The 22 bones of the craniofacial skeleton are remarkably resilient and able to tolerate and instantly distribute a wide range of…
10.1055/b-0034-77708 ■ Part 1. Surgical Anatomy and General Considerations The central upper face is at the intersection of the cranium and face and may be divided into four compartments: nasal-nasoseptal,…
10.1055/b-0034-77699 ■ Part 1. Surgical Anatomy and General Considerations The Palatal Platform The hard palate is the platform upon which the seven craniomaxillofacial buttresses, three posterior and four anterior, reside.1…
10.1055/b-0034-77702 ■ Part 1. Surgical Anatomy and General Considerations The Mandible as a Tubular Bone The mandible is basically a tubular long bone, the tooth-bearing portion of which is bent…
10.1055/b-0034-77700 ■ Part 2. Operative Technique and Exemplary Repair The repair of palatal fractures is today quite different than that chosen several decades ago.1 , 2 , 19 During World…
10.1055/b-0034-77697 ■ Part 2. Current Principles of Repair The craniofacial skeleton in terms of repair can be conceptualized as three functional and morphological units, created by division at the Le…
10.1055/b-0034-77690 ■ Part 1. Buttresses in Classical Architecture The Greek colonial temples of the 6th and 7th centuries CE featured a flat timber roof supported by massive, vertical, marble columns….
10.1055/b-0034-77691 ■ Part 2. Buttresses of the Craniomaxillofacial Skeleton Parallels to sanctuary support systems are apparent on inspection of the craniofacial skeleton: vertical buttresses and trajectories, horizontal platforms and shelves,…
10.1055/b-0034-77693 ■ Part 1. Basic Craniofacial Biomechanics The structure of the craniofacial skeleton1 – 3 is relatively delicate and vulnerable to the impact of new physiologic loads, whereas in adjacent…
10.1055/b-0034-77696 ■ Part 1. Peregrinations of the Past Clinical Assessment and Indications for Repair Clinical Presentation The Napoleonic and the European Wars during the Second French Empire (1792 to 1815…
10.1055/b-0034-77694 ■ Part 2. Implications of Finite Element Analysis Facial architecture has historically been perceived to be a buffer to injury of supra-adjacent structures. The cranio-facial buttresses act as an…
