2.12
Pulmonary
Anatomy
- Nose
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Cartilages of the airway
- Unpaired cartilages
- Epiglottis
- Thyroid
- Cricoid
- Paired
- Arytenoid
- Corniculate
- Cuneiform
- Unpaired cartilages
- Cartilages of the airway
- Trachea
- Tracheal rings
- Carina
- Carina
- Bifurcation of trachea into main stem bronchi
- Lungs
- Right lung
- Right bronchus is more vertical, shorter, and wider than the left bronchus and more likely to be inadvertently intubated
- Three Lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
- Left lung
- Two Lobes (superior, inferior)
- Right lung
- Microscopic
- Alveoli
- Squamous epithelium
- Goblet cells
- Secrete mucous to protect surface and trap bacteria/foreign matter
- Type 1 pneumocytes
- Epithelial cells
- Most abundant cell type
- Primarily involved in gas exchange
- Type 2 pneumocytes
- Produce surfactant
- Divide to produce type 1 pneumocytes
Function
- Deliver oxygen
- Remove waste gases
- Acid–base balance
- Phonation
- Warms and humidifies air
- Filtration against pathogens
Pulmonary Blood Flow
- Larynx
- Superior laryngeal artery
- Inferior laryngeal artery
- Bronchi
- Bronchial arteries
- Direct blood supply to the lungs
- Branches off the aorta
- Bronchial veins
- Drains the lungs
- Drains into azygos and hemiazygos veins
- Bronchial arteries
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