Abstract
Background
Heterotopic neuroglial tissue is defined as a mass composed of mature brain tissue isolated from the cranial cavity or spinal canal. The nose and the naso-pharynx are the most common sites of location. Only 264 cases are reported in the world literature. In this study, we present cases of nasal glial heterotopia we treated in our department. The aim of this paper is to study clinicopathological aspects of these cases of nasal glial heterotopia.
Methods
From 2013 to 2018, we included in our department all the babies who suffered from a neuroglial heterotopia in the head and neck region. Clinical and radiological findings of these cases were analyzed. Histopathological examination was the mainstay of diagnosis.
Results
Four cases of glial heterotopia of the nasal cavity were included and presented in this study.
Conclusions
Glial Heterotopias of head and neck are more common in the nasal cavity. Clinical and radiological findings as well as histopathology and immuno-histochemistry are essential to diagnose these lesions.
Highlights
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Nasal glial heterotopia is a rare anomaly, only 264 cases are reported in the literature.
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We were fortunate enough to treat four cases of nasal glial heterotopia in our department. We share our experience et develop a review of literature on this rare disorder.
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We hope that our work will attract your attention and we remain at your disposal for any further information.
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Kind regards, Doctor Julie CHAUVEL-PICARD .
Introduction
Glial heterotopia is a rare non-hereditary, benign and congenital malformation, which is composed of normal glial tissue isolated from the central nervous system. Nose and nasopharynx are the most common sites involved. The incidence of nasal glioma is one in 20 000–40,000 live births with female preponderance. A total of 264 cases reported in the world literature since the first description by Reid in 1852 [ , ].
In the nasal region, the lesion could be situated external, on the dorsum or on the side of the nose, or could be situated internal in the nasal cavity.
We clinically and histologically analyzed cases of nasal glial heterotopia treated in our department of maxilo-facial surgery.
Materiel and methods
From 2013 to 2018, we included all the babies who suffered from a neuroglial heterotopia in the head and neck region in our department of maxilo-facial surgery in the “Hôpital-Femme-Mère-Enfant” in Lyon, France. Clinical and radiological findings of these cases were analyzed. Histopathological examination was the mainstay of diagnosis.
Then, we realized a review of the world literature on PubMed concerning this pathology with key-words: “nasal glial heterotopia” or “nasal glioma”.
Results
Four cases of nasal glial heterotopia were treated between 2013 and 2018 in our department of maxilo-facial surgery in the “Hôpital-Femme-Mère-Enfant” in Lyon, France. There are two females and two males with a mean age of 2.18 years (range, birth to 4 years). None of the patients had a history of prior surgery to the nasal area or reported a history of trauma. We analyzed clinical symptoms and radiological findings. Details are reported in Table 1 .
| Case | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 8 months | 1 month | 4 years | 4years |
| Sexe | Female | Female | Male | Male |
| Location | External, dorsum | External, dorsum | External, dorsum | External+internal, lateral nose |
| Size | 1cm | 1,5cm | 2cm | 2cm |
| Nasal obstruction | No | No | No | Yes |
| Chronic otitis | No | No | No | Yes |
| Nasal drainage | No | No | No | Yes |
| Neurospinal fluid | No | No | No | No |
| Cerebral connection | No | No | No | No |
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