1. With a neatly labelled diagram explain the principle, construction and working of an X-ray tube, with the significance of each component. [MUHS May 2002]

2. Describe with a neat and labelled diagram, production of X-rays. [MUHS 1991, 1994, 1996]

3. Define ideal radiograph and discuss the factors affecting the X-ray beam. [MUHS 1992]

4. What are the parts of an X-ray tube? Describe the working of the X-ray tube and add a note on Bremsstrahlung radiation. [RGUHS Mar 2004]

5. Describe the factors controlling X-ray beam. [TN Aug 2006]

6. Describe the construction and working of the X-ray tube. Add a note on collimation. [TN Apr 2003]

7. Write an essay on the production of X-rays, their properties, intraoral radiographs and their techniques. [TN Oct 2003]

8. Describe the parts of an X-ray tube and add a note on properties of X-rays. [RGUHS June/Jul 2010 (RS)]

1. Principles of projection geometry. [RGUHS Jan 2008 (OS); MUHS May 2007]

2. Production of X-rays. [RGUHS Jul 2008 (OS), Jun/Jul 2010 (RS-2); TN Feb 2005]

3. Bremsstrahlung radiation. [RGUHS Jul 2008 (RS)]

4. Electromagnetic spectrum. [RGUHS Aug 2007 (RS-2); MUHS May 2005; TN Oct 1997]

5. Properties of X-rays. [RGUHS Aug 2006, 2005 (OS); MUHS 1988; NTR Oct 2006; TN Oct 1997]

6. Radiolysis of water. [RGUHS Aug 2006 (OS)]

7. Filtration. [RGUHS Aug 2006 (RS); NTRUHS Aug 2008]

8. Define ideal radiograph and discuss the factors affecting the X-ray beam. [MUHS 1992]

9. Definition of roentgen. [MUHS 1985]

10. Limitations of radiology. [MUHS 89]

11. Ideal requirements of target material. [MUHS 2000]

12. Requirements of a darkroom. [MUHS 2000]

13. Name the principles of shadow casting. [MUHS May 2002]

14. Name any four properties of X-rays. [MUHS May 2002]

15. Collimation and filtration. [RGUHS Apr 2003, Mar 2005; NTR Apr 2001; TN Aug 2006]

16. Types and uses of filtration. [RGUHS Mar 2004]

17. What are the properties of X-rays? Discuss the uses of OPG in dentistry. [RGUHS Aug 1988; BUHS Aug 1988]

18. Filters and collimation in radiography. [NTR-OR May 1987]

19. Bremsstrahlung radiation. [TN Feb 2005]

20. The role of fibre, gird and collimation in diagnostic radiography. [TN Apr 1996]

21. Diagnostic property of X-rays. [TN Nov 2001]

22. Rare earth substances. [NTR-UHS Jul 2011]

23. Electromagnetic spectrum. [NTR Mar 2009]

24. X-ray tube. [RGUHS June/Jul 2010 (OS), Dec 2010 (RS2)]

25. Diagnostic properties of X-rays. [MUHS 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1996, 2003]

1. Draw a neat labelled diagram of an X-ray tube. [RGUHS Aug 2007 (RS)]

2. Inverse square law. [RGUHS July 2008 (OS)]

3. Filtration. [RGUHS Dec 2010 (RS2)]

4. Electromagnetic spectrum. [RGUHS Feb 2007 (RS), Dec 2010 (OS); MUHS 2005]

5. Collimation. [RGUHS Mar 2006 (OS); NTR Oct 2002; TN Apr 2000, Aug 2004]

6. Anode in X-ray machine. [NTRUHS Aug 2008]

7. Focal trough. [NTRUHS Aug 2008; MUHS Nov 2006]

8. Name any four properties of X-rays. [MUHS 2002]

9. Why is tungsten used as a target material in an X-ray tube? [MUHS 2002]

10. Define frequency. [MUHS May 2005]

11. What represents the particulate radiations? [MUHS May 2005]

12. Compton effect. [NTR Oct 2007]

13. Filtration of X-ray beam. [MUHS Jun 2004, May 2008; TN Apr 2001]

14. What is the line focus principle? [MUHS Jun 2004]

15. Write two uses of collimation. [MUHS May 2007]

16. Gray. [RGUHS Aug 2005]

17. Ionization. [RGUHS Dec 2010 (RS)]

18. Inverse square law. [RGUHS June/Jul 2011 (RS2)]

19. Write short notes on:

20. Collimation of X-ray beam. [RGUHS Aug 2005]

21. Radiology and roentgenology. [NTR-OR Oct 2001]

22. Generation of X-rays. [NTR-NR Apr 2005]

23. Characteristics of radiation. [NTR-OR Apr 1999]

24. Filters and collimators. [NTR-OR May 1993]

25. Collimators. [NTR-OR Aug 1997; TN Apr 1995]

26. X-ray tube. [NTR-GR Oct 1997; NTR-NR Oct 2001; TN Oct 1997]

27. Coolidge tube. [NTR-GR Apr 1998]

28. Resolution. [NTR-NR Oct 2004]

29. X-ray timer. [TN Oct 1996, Apr 1998]

30. Filtration in X-ray tube. [TN Oct 1996]

31. Uses and properties of X-rays. [TN Feb 2007, 2006]

32. Factors controlling X-ray beam. [TN Apr 2004]

33. Tungsten application in X-ray machine. [NTR-UHS Feb 2011]

34. Filtration and collimation in dental radiography. [MUHS 1987]

35. Filters and collimators. [TN Nov 2001, Oct 2003]

36. Filtration of X-ray beam. [MUHS 2004, 2008]

37. Filters. [TN Feb 2005]

38. Electromagnetic spectrum. [TN Oct 1997]

39. Properties of X-rays. [RGUHS Mar 2006 (RS)]

40. Collimation. [NTR Mar 2009]

41. Collimation and filtration. [NTR Oct 2007]

1. What are the effects of radiation in the oral cavity? Write about osteoradionecrosis. [RGUHS Mar 2006 (RS)]

2. Describe radiation protection measures. [RGUHS Feb 2007 (RS)]

3. What are the biologic effects of radiation in the oral cavity. [RGUHS Mar 2006 (OS)]

4. Discuss radiation protection. [MUHS 1987, 1988, 2003, May 2007]

5. Discuss the biological properties of X-rays. [MUHS 1986]

6. What are the hazards of radiation seen on skin and bones? Discuss protection from radiation. [MUHS 1990, 1996]

7. What are the hazards of radiation seen on oral cavity and measures to protect operative from radiation hazards. [MUHS 2003]

8. Discuss adverse effects of therapeutic radiation on oral tissues. [RGUHS Apr 2003]

9. Enumerate the effects of radiation on oral tissues. Discuss the measures of radiation protection in dental radiology. [RGUHS Sep 2004]

10. Describe the radiation hazards in orofacial region and mention its preventive measures. [NTR-OR May 1993]

11. Discuss radiation hazards. Describe the various methods to protect the patient and operator from the hazards. [NTR-OR Apr 2001]

12. Enumerate hazards of radiation. Discuss the effects of radiation on oral tissues. [NTR-OR Apr 2000; RGUHS June/Jul 2011 (RS2)]

13. Discuss radiation protection. [NTR-NR Oct 2002]

14. Enumerate various techniques of taking intraoral radiography. Discuss the various procedures taken to protect the operator and the patient during radiography. [NTR-NR Oct 2006]

15. Mention radiation hazards affecting body. How would you protect from them while taking intraoral radiographs. [TN Oct 1996]

16. Discuss the effects of radiation on orofacial tissues. Write on the radiation protection measures in dental radiology. [TN Apr 2003, 2004, Aug 2006]

17. Write about the effects of radiation on the living tissues. Add a note on prevention and management of osteoradionecrosis. [TN Apr 2004]

18. Discuss the methods of radiation safety and protection of the operator, patient and public. [TN Aug 2005; RGUHS June/Jul 2011 (OS)]

19. Write an essay on the effects of ionizing radiation on the living tissues. Add a note on radiation safety. [TN Feb 2005]

20. Write on radiation hazards and the protective measures to be taken by the operator and the patient. [TN Apr 2001]

21. Discuss the different methods of radiation protection of the patient and personnel (operator) in oral radiography. [TN Apr 2001]

22. Write about harmful effects of radiation on body. [NTR Mar 2009]

1. Radiation dosimetry. [RGUHS Jan 2008 (RS2); TN Oct 1997]

2. Osteoradionecrosis. [RGUHS Jul 2008 (RS), June/Jul 2011 (OS); NTRUHS Aug 2008; TN Nov 2001, Feb 2005]

3. Effects of radiation in the oral cavity. [RGUHS Aug 2006 (RS)]

4. Biological effects of radiation in oral cavity. [RGUHS Feb 2007 (OS)]

5. Thermoluminescent dosimeter. [NTR-NR Apr 2006]

6. X-ray monitoring devices. [MUHS 1986, 2000]

7. Dosimetry. [RGUHS June/ Jul 2011 (RS), Dec 2010 (OS)]

8. Radiation protection from X-rays. [MUHS 1991, 1993, 1997]

9. Radiation protection for the operator. [MUHS 1993, 1996; NTR Apr 1999; TN Oct 1999]

10. Radiation protection of patient. [MUHS 2002; NTR Apr 2005]

11. TLD. [MUHS 2003]

12. ALARA. [MUHS 2003]

13. Enumerate the various means to reduce the exposure to the patient while taking diagnosis radiograph. [MUHS May 2002]

14. Write about osteoradionecrosis. [MUHS Oct 2002]

15. Clinical features and management of osteoradionecrosis. [RGUHS Sep 2002]

16. Postirradiation mucositis. [BUHS May 1986]

17. Treatment of postirradiation mucositis. [BUHS Aug 1992]

18. Types of the radiation caries. [RGUHS Aug 2005]

19. Write on radiation caries. [BUHS Sep 1994]

20. Write on radiation hazards in dentistry. [BUHS Apr 1987]

21. Describe radiation hazards and its prevention. [BUHS Aug 1995]

22. Protection from radiation hazards in dental radiography. [TN Oct 1997]

23. Radiation caries. [NTR 2008, Mar 2009]

24. Scattered radiation. [NTR Mar 2008]

1. Radiation mucositis. [RGUHS Aug 2007 (RS-2)]

2. Thermoluminescent dosimeter. [RGUHS Aug 2006 (RS); MUHS Oct 2004; TN Aug 2005]

3. Effects of radiation on developing tooth. [RGUHS Jul 2008 (RS2)]

4. Dosimetry. [NTR-UHS Aug 2008; NTR-OR Oct 1998; TN Oct 2000, Sep 2002, Feb 2005, Aug 2006; RGUHS June/ Jul 2011, 2010 (RS2)]

5. Enumerate the various means to reduce the exposure to the patient while taking diagnostic radiograph. [MUHS 2002]

6. Discuss radiation protection. [MUHS May 2005]

7. Measure to protect the patient from radiation hazard. [MUHS Jun 2006]

8. Discuss radiation protection. [MUHS May 2003]

9. Definition of erythema dose. [MTHS Jun 20004]

10. Film badge. [RGUHS May 1986; BUHS May 1986]

11. Postirradiation mucositis. [RGUHS May 1986]

12. Types of the radiation caries. [RGUHS Aug 2005]

13. Write on radiation caries. [RGUHS Sep 1994]

14. Treatment of postirradiation mucositis. [RGUHS Aug 1992]

15. Describe radiation hazards and its prevention. [RGUHS Aug 1995]

16. Write radiation hazards in dentistry. [RGUHS Apr 1987]

17. Osteoradionecrosis. [NTR-OR Mar 1991, Oct 1999; TN Feb–Aug 2005]

18. Radiation caries. [NTR-OR Oct 1998, Apr 2600, Oct 2001; TN Sep 2002]

19. Radiation hazards of jaws. [NTR-NR Apr 2002]

20. Hazards of radiation. [NTR-NR Apr 2006]

21. Radiation hazards of teeth, oral mucosa and the jaws. [NTR-NR Oct 2004]

22. Radiolysis of water. [RGUHS Aug 2006]

23. Effects of radiation in the oral cavity. [RGUHS Aug 2006]

24. Clinical features and management of osteoradionecrosis. [RGUHS Sep 2002]

25. Radiation protection. [NTR-OR May 1994]

26. Radiosensitive and radioprotective. [TN Feb 2007]

27. Definition of roentgen and erythema dose. [TN Sep 2002]

28. Limitations of radiography. [NTR Mar 2008]

29. Radioresistant cells. [RGUHS June/Jul 2010 (OS)]

30. Dosimetry. [RGUHS Feb 1991]

31. ALRA principle. [RGUHS June/Jul 2011 (RS), 2010 (RS2)]

1. What is the composition of the radiographic film? Describe the mechanism of image formation. Add a note on the constituents of developing and fixing solution. [RGUHS June/Jul 2011 (RS)]

1. Intensifying screens. [RGUHS Mar 2006 (OS), Jun/Jul 2011 (RS), (OS); MUHS 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003; NTR Nov 1994, Apr 1997, 1998, Oct 1998, 1999, 2001, 2005, Aug 2009; TN Apr 1995, 1996, Oct 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, Aug 2004, Feb 2005, 2006; RGUHS Dec 2010 (RS)]

2. Grid. [MUHS 1986, 1990, 2003; NTR Apr 1998, 2000, Oct 2001, 2002, 2005, Mar 2009; TN Apr 1995, Oct 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, Aug 2006; RGUHS June/Jul 2010 (RS)]

3. Radiographic film. [MUHS 2003; NTR Apr 1999, Oct 2002]

4. State the functions of lead foil in the X-ray film packet. [MUHS Jun 2006]

5. What is the function of grid? [MUHS May 2007]

6. Uses and types of grids. [RGUHS Sep 2002, 2003]

7. Composition and uses of intensifying screens. [RGUHS Apr 2003, Mar 2005; TN Aug 2005]

8. Composition and functions of intensifying screens. [RGUHS Mar 2004]

9. Types and uses of intraoral radiographs. [RGUHS Sep 2004]

10. Dental X-ray film. [TN Aug 2004]

11. Radiographic accessories. [RGUHS Jun/Jul 2010 (RS)]

12. Moving grid. [TN Oct 1998]

13. Intraoral periapical film. [RGUSH June/Jul 2011 (RS)]

14. Girds in radiography. [RGUSH June/Jul 2010 (RS2)]

1. Storage of X-ray films. [RGUHS Jan 2008 (RS)]

2. Composition of intensifying screen. [RGUHS Jan 2008 (OS)]

3. Composition of X-ray film. [RGUHS Sep 2002, Aug 2007 (OS), Dec 2010 (RS2)]

4. Describe the composition of X-ray film. [MUHS Oct 2002]

5. Give two advantages of paralleling technique. [MUHS 2003]

6. Speed of intraoral film. [MUHS 2006]

7. Enumerate types of grids. [MUHS Oct 2002]

8. What is grid? Where is it used? [MUHS Oct 2003]

9. Enumerate various types of intraoral films. [MUHS 2003]

10. State the functions of lead foil in the X-ray film packet. [MUHS 2006]

11. Advantages of bitewing radiographs. [MUHS 2008]

12. X-ray film. [RGUHS Feb 1991, Aug 1995; NTR Apr 1995]

13. Occlusal film. [RGUHS Mar 1995; NTR Apr 1996]

14. Intensifying screen. [RGUHS Mar 1995; NTR Oct 2007, Mar 2008]

15. Write notes on radiographic films. [RGUHS Aug 1993]

16. X-ray film packet. [NTR-NR Oct 2001]

17. Potter–Bucky diaphragm. [NTR-OR Oct 2001]

18. Composition of intraoral periapical film. [NTR-GR Apr 2001]

19. Occlusal radiograph. [NTR-GR Apr 2001]

20. Indications of occlusal films. [NTR-NR Apr 2006]

21. Features of an ideal intraoral periapical radiograph. [TN Feb 2007]

1. What is the composition of radiographic film? Describe the mechanism of image formation. Add a note on the composition of developing and fixing solution and their functions. [NTR-NR Apr 2006; TN Aug 2005]

2. Write the composition and actions of developer and fixer used in dental radiography. [TN Apr 1998, Oct 2003]

3. Describe processing of X-ray films. [MUHS 1997]

4. Describe the formation of ‘lateral image’ and darkroom chemistry. [MUHS 1996]

1. Composition of developer solution. [NTR Oct 2007]

2. Types of X-ray film processing. [RGUHS Feb 2007 (OS)]

3. Automatic processing. [RGUHS Jul 2008 (RS2); TN Apr 2003]

4. Developing solution. [NTRUHS Aug 2008; TN Apr 1996]

5. Composition and actions of developing solution. [TN Aug 2004]

6. Fixing solution. [MUHS 1988; NTR Mar 2008; RGUHS Dec 2010 (RS)]

7. Processing errors of radiographs. [MUHS 2002]

8. Composition and functions of developing solution. [RGUHS Mar 2004, June/Jul 2011 (OS); TN Aug 2006, Apr 2003]

9. Composition of fixer. [NTR Oct 2001]

10. X-ray fixing solution. [NTR-OR May 1994]

11. Automatic film processing. [NTR-NR Aug 2005, Apr 2006]

12. Processing of X-ray films. [NTR-NR Oct 2002]

13. Processing of an intraoral film. [NTR-OR May 1993]

14. Requirements of darkroom. [NTR-NR Oct 2001]

15. Composition and action of fixer solution. [NTR-OR Apr 2000; TN Apr 1999]

16. Coin test. [NTR Mar 2009]

17. Requirements of a darkroom. [MUHS 2000]

1. Composition of developer solution. [RGUHS Jan 2008 (RS2), (RS); TN Apr 2004]

2. Resolution. [RGUHS Aug 2007 (RS2)]

3. Replenisher. [RGUHS Aug 2006 (RS)]