Management of the Nasal Dorsum
Rhinoplasty is not so much an art, but rather an architectural undertaking: a methodical approach to reconfiguring the nasal components to give a proportionate nose that both pleases the eye…
Surgical Management of Nasal Airway Obstruction
The management and diagnosis of nasal airway obstruction requires an understanding of the form and function of the nose. Nasal airway obstruction can be structural, physiologic, or a combination of…
Surgical Treatment of Nasal Obstruction in Rhinoplasty
The key to a successful septorhinoplasty includes an understanding of nasal anatomy and physiology. This allows the surgeon the ability to properly address both form and function during the operation….
Open and Closed Rhinoplasty
Most surgeons recognize the broad utility of both endonasal and external rhinoplasty approaches. Most understand that there are situations when a given approach offers advantages and may be considered preferable….
Surface Aesthetics and Analysis
Surface aesthetics of an attractive nose result from certain lines, shadows, and highlights with specific proportions and breakpoints. Analysis emphasizes geometric polygons as aesthetic subunits. Evaluation of the complete nasal…
Rhinoplasty: Education Through Multispecialty Collaboration
Babak Azizzadeh, MD, FACS, Editor It is a great honor to be part of this special issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery dedicated to multispecialty rhinoplasty. I embarked several years…
Medicolegal Issues in Breast Reduction
Areas of general risk are discussed with patients before surgery. Procedure-specific risks inherent in each technique are a key part of informed consent. Issues related to insurance coverage must be…
Management of the High-Riding Nipple After Breast Reduction
Postoperative nipple malposition can be an aesthetically devastating problem for patients and a formidable challenge for surgeons. Reduction mammoplasty often includes plans to elevate the nipple-areolar complex (NAC); however, overelevation…
Breast Reduction in the Burned Breast
Mammary hypertrophy can occur in the postburn breast. Patients with burned breasts exhibit the same symptoms of symptomatic macromastia as patients with unburned breasts. The extent of the deformity, the…
Avoiding Complications in Gigantomastia
Gigantomastia is a disabling condition for patients and presents unique challenges to plastic surgeons. Presentation can occur throughout different phases of life, and treatment often begins with nonoperative measures; however,…
Managing Necrosis of the Nipple Areolar Complex Following Reduction Mammaplasty and Mastopexy
The objectives of this article are to explain the mechanisms of injury that result in ischemia of the nipple areolar complex (NAC) after reduction mammaplasty or mastopexy, to offer recommendations…
Management of the Ischemic Nipple–Areola Complex After Breast Reduction
Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of nipple–areolar complex (NAC) ischemia and necrosis are fundamental to the practice of breast surgery. Knowledge of breast anatomy, risk factors, and proper technique…
Management of Asymmetry After Breast Reduction
Breast reduction surgery has achieved one of the highest patient satisfaction rates among plastic surgery procedures. Most of the complications encountered are usually minor and related to wound healing. Revision…
Management of Recurrent or Persistent Macromastia
Recurrent or persistent macromastia can occur after breast reduction. This may be due to inadequate primary volume reduction, poor postoperative shape, and breast or nipple-areola complex asymmetry. Postpartum breast changes,…
The Short Scar Periareolar Inferior Pedicle Reduction Mammaplasty
Breast reduction is one of the most common plastic surgery procedures performed on the breast. There are now numerous alternatives to the standard inverted-T inferior pedicle technique. The short scar…
Managing Complications in Vertical Mammaplasty
In this paper, we describe our experience with the Lejour vertical scar mammaplasty from its description throughout 25 years of practice. Our work aims to focus on reducing vertical scar mammaplasty…
Avoiding the Unfavorable Outcome with Wise Pattern Breast Reduction
Wise pattern breast reduction remains the most popular method of performing moderate- to large-sized breast reductions in the United States. Shape distortion after breast reduction can be a result of…
The Management of Breast Cancer Detected by Reduction Mammaplasty
The incidence of occult breast cancer detected by reduction mammoplasty is 0.06% to 5.45%. Preoperative screening mammography is indicated in all women 40 years and older and in women age 35…
Reduction Mammaplasty and Breast Cancer Screening
Breast reduction surgery is one of the most popular procedures performed by plastic surgeons; based on the current literature, it is safe and does not have a negative impact on…
Assessing Risk and Avoiding Complications in Breast Reduction
Assessing risk and avoiding complications in breast reduction requires a meticulous history, systematic physical examination, management of expectations, and careful consideration and execution of operative technique. Attention should be paid…
