β‐Blockers (Figures 4.12 & 4.13)

• Clinical Implications
  • Continue drug perioperatively
  • If discontinued, increased risk of rebound hypertension and tachycardia
    • Consider supplementing IV beta blocker for patients who did not take their β‐Blockers prior to procedure
    • Metoprolol PO : IV conversion is 2.5 : 1; 5 mg q 5 minutes until desired effect/titration

Digoxin