Endodontic Morphology and Anatomy of Human Teeth

Sep 10, 2016 by in Endodontics Comments Off on Endodontic Morphology and Anatomy of Human Teeth

Fig. 1.1 Primary upper molar: radicular reabsorption starting in the apical area (arrows) Fig. 1.2 Primary lower molar: radicular reabsorption involving all the radicular portions from apical to coronal Fig….

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Conventional Laser Endodontics

Sep 10, 2016 by in Endodontics Comments Off on Conventional Laser Endodontics

Fig. 6.1 Draft representing the typical irradiation proposed for conventional laser endodontics; the fiber is positioned in a dry canal 1 mm shorter from the apex and is retracted with…

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Different Lasers Used in Endodontics

Sep 10, 2016 by in Endodontics Comments Off on Different Lasers Used in Endodontics

Fig. 5.1 Relative absorption in the visible electromagnetic spectrum of hemoglobin (Hb), oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), and melanin (Image courtesy of Giovanni Olivi, Rome, Italy) 5.2.2.1 Argon Laser Argon is a noble…

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Laser-Activated Irrigation (LAI)

Sep 10, 2016 by in Endodontics Comments Off on Laser-Activated Irrigation (LAI)

Fig. 10.1 Water absorption coefficient and penetration depth of different wavelengths In addition, the medium infrared lasers (2780–2940 nm) are absorbed also by water in the dentinal walls [28], creating…

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Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Sep 10, 2016 by in Endodontics Comments Off on Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Fig. 9.1 Schematic representation of the area of positioning of a probe of a laser Doppler flowmetry monitor. The probe is fixed in contact with the buccal surface of the…

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Pulp Therapy for Primary Teeth

Sep 10, 2016 by in Endodontics Comments Off on Pulp Therapy for Primary Teeth

Fig. 8.1 Deep recurrent decay Fig. 8.2 Caries removal using the Er:YAG laser Fig. 8.3 Placement of liner 8.3.3 Pulpotomy The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry defines this procedure as…

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The Role of Irrigation in Endodontics

Sep 10, 2016 by in Endodontics Comments Off on The Role of Irrigation in Endodontics

Fig. 3.1 Schematic representation of the discussed irrigation techniques. Sketches of the various manual (a, b) and automated (c–e) irrigation techniques. For positive pressure irrigation, (a) both the open-ended (left)…

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The Physics of Lasers

Sep 10, 2016 by in Endodontics Comments Off on The Physics of Lasers

Fig. 4.1 Electromagnetic spectrum of radiations In the visible and invisible infrared spectrum of light, we find the majority of the wavelengths used in dentistry (Fig. 4.2). Fig. 4.2 Lasers…

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Photoactivated Disinfection

Sep 10, 2016 by in Endodontics Comments Off on Photoactivated Disinfection

Fig. 7.1 Activation of a photosensitizer (S) by light (hν) to triplet state (*S) and reaction with oxygen (O2) or other substrate (R) in Type I and II photo processes…

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Root Canal Catheterization

Sep 10, 2016 by in Endodontics Comments Off on Root Canal Catheterization

Relationships of the pulp chamber to the clinical crown Law of centrality: the floor of the pulp chamber is always located in the center of the tooth at the level…

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